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Ribosomal genes in notothenioid fishes: Focus on the chromosomal organisation

机译：类异戊二烯鱼类的核糖体基因：专注于染色体组织

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摘要

This mini-review makes a survey and a summary of some major issues concerning the chromosomalorganisation of ribosomal genes in fish genomes, by using Notothenioidei as the model. The increasing bodyof information, published during the last two decades on the chromosomal mapping of the two ribosomalgenes classes (45S rDNA and 5S rDNA) in notothenioids, makes it possible to recognise the main evolutionarytrends across the phylogeny of the group. As one of the major features, the rDNA clusters are organised in asingle chromosomal locus in most of the species. This locus is located at different positions along thechromosomes in the basal groups (non-Antarctic Clade), whereas it maintains a strongly conserved locationin the cold-adapted species (Antarctic Clade). Important structural changes, leading to the co-localisation ofthe two ribosomal gene classes, occurred early in the notothenioid phylogeny, perhaps in the commonancestor of the Eleginopidae and Nototheniidae. The cytogenetic evidences indicate that an increasedamount of ribosomal genes, organised in two large chromosomal loci, is present in the giant Antarctic fishDissostichus mawsoni. This gain in rRNA genes is an important genomic change, having possible implicationsfor the fitness of this notothenioid fish that combines large size, pelagic lifestyle and cold-adaptation.
机译：这篇小型综述以Notothenioidei为模型，对鱼类基因组中核糖体基因的染色体组织进行了调查并总结了一些主要问题。在过去的二十年中，有关类胡萝卜素中两个核糖体基因类别（45S rDNA和5S rDNA）的染色体作图的信息越来越多，这使人们有可能认识到整个系统发育的主要进化趋势。作为主要特征之一，rDNA簇在大多数物种中都位于单个染色体基因座中。该基因座位于染色体基团（非南极进化枝）中的不同位置，而在冷适应物种（南极进化枝）中则保持着强烈保守的位置。重要的结构变化导致了两个核糖体基因类的共定位，发生在类叶肉类系统发育的早期，也许发生在鞘翅目和拟南芥科的共同体中。细胞遗传学证据表明，在巨大的南极鱼类Dissostichus mawsoni中存在以两个大染色体位点组织的核糖体基因数量增加。 rRNA基因的获得是重要的基因组变化，可能会对这种兼具大尺寸，远洋生活和冷适应性的类鲨鱼鱼类的适应性产生潜在影响。

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