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Development and heat stress-induced transcriptomic changes during embryogenesis of the scleractinian coral Acropora palmata

机译：发育和热应激诱导的转录过程中Scleractinian珊瑚Acropora palmata的转录组变化。

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摘要

Projected elevation of seawater temperatures poses a threat to the reproductive success of Caribbean reefbuilding corals that have planktonic development during the warmest months of the year. This study examined the transcriptomic changes that occurred during embryonic and larval development of the elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata, at a non-stressful temperature (28 °C) and further assessed the effects of two elevated temperatures (30 °C and 31.5 °C) on these expression patterns. Using cDNA microarrays, we compared expression levels of 2051 genes from early embryos and larvae at multiple developmental stages (including pre-blastula, blastula, gastrula, and planula stages) at each of the three temperatures. At 12 h post-fertilization in 28 T treatments, genes involved in cell replication/cell division and transcription were up-regulated in A. palmata embryos, followed by a reduction in expression of these genes during later growth stages. From 24.5 to 131 h post-fertilization at 28 °C, A. palmata altered its transcriptome by up-regulating genes involved in protein synthesis and metabolism. Temperatures of 30 °C and 31.5 °C caused major changes to the A. palmata embryonic transcriptomes, particularly in the samples from 24.5 hpf post-fertilization, characterized by downregulation of numerous genes involved in cell replication/cell division, metabolism, cytoskeleton, and transcription, while heat shock genes were up-regulated compared to 28 °C treatments. These results suggest that increased temperature may cause a breakdown in proper gene expression during development in A. palmata by down-regulation of genes involved in essential cellular processes, which may lead to the abnormal development and reduced survivorship documented in other studies.
机译：预计的海水温度升高会对在一年中最温暖月份出现浮游生物的加勒比海造礁珊瑚的繁殖成功构成威胁。这项研究检查了麋鹿角珊瑚（Acropora palmata）在无压力（28°C）的胚胎和幼虫发育过程中发生的转录组变化，并进一步评估了两个高温（30°C和31.5°C）的影响在这些表达方式上。使用cDNA微阵列，我们比较了三个温度中每个温度在多个发育阶段（包括胚泡前期，囊胚，胃胚和扁平期）的早期胚胎和幼虫2051个基因的表达水平。在28 T处理中，受精后12 h，参与棕榈复制的细胞复制/细胞分裂和转录的基因被上调，随后在后来的生长阶段这些基因的表达减少。在28°C的受精后24.5至131 h，棕榈曲霉通过上调参与蛋白质合成和代谢的基因来改变其转录组。 30°C和31.5°C的温度引起棕榈曲霉胚转录组的重大变化，特别是受精后24.5 hpf的样品中，其特征在于与细胞复制/细胞分裂，代谢，细胞骨架和转录，而与28°C处理相比，热休克基因被上调。这些结果表明，升高的温度可能会通过下调必需细胞过程中涉及的基因而导致棕榈曲霉发育过程中适当基因表达的破坏，这可能导致异常发育并降低其他研究中记载的存活率。

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