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首页> 外文期刊>Marine Fisheries Review >Spatio-temporal Changes in Beluga Whale, Delphinapterus leucas, Distribution: Results from Aerial Surveys (1977-2014), Opportunistic Sightings (1975-2014), and Satellite Tagging (1999-2003) in Cook Inlet, Alaska
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Spatio-temporal Changes in Beluga Whale, Delphinapterus leucas, Distribution: Results from Aerial Surveys (1977-2014), Opportunistic Sightings (1975-2014), and Satellite Tagging (1999-2003) in Cook Inlet, Alaska

机译：白鲸的时空变化，Delphinapterus leucas，分布：来自航空测量的结果（1977-2014年），机会性观测（1975-2014年）和位于阿拉斯加库克湾的卫星标记（1999-2003年）

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摘要

Cook Inlet is inhabited year-round by a small, distinct group of beluga whales, Delphinapterus leucas. This endangered and declining population lives near Anchorage, the largest city in Alaska, and waterways frequented by fishing fleets, container ships, oil-gas development, air traffic, and military operations. Their summer distribution has been well-studied but in winter and early spring the combination of poor sighting conditions (low light levels, white whales among ice floes) and whale behavior(close association with ice, longer, deeper diving patterns, smaller groups)made detection difficult. Based on our review of beluga presence data from aerial surveys, satellite-tagging, and opportunistic sightings, their range has contracted remarkably since the 1990 s. Almost the entire population is found in only northern waters from late spring through the summer and into the fall. This differs markedly from surveys in the 1970s when whales were found in or would disperse to the lower inlet by midsummer.By early June, belugas now gather at river mouths in the Susitna Delta and Chick-aloon Bay. Since the Endangered SpeciesAct listing decision in 2008, 83% of the total population now occupies the Susitna Delta in early June compared to roughly 50% in the past. In August, sightings increase in Knik Arm, with some dispersal to deeper upper inlet waters. In fall, belugas disperse south though few whales are found in the lower inlet. In winter, belugas now occur in the upper inlet and make occasional visits to the lower inlet, and there is no evidence of migration out of Cook Inlet. The population appears to now be consolidated into preferred habitat in the upper-most reaches of Cook Inlet.
机译：Cook Inlet全年都居住着一小群截然不同的白鲸，即Delphinapterus leucas。这种濒临灭绝的人口居住在阿拉斯加州最大的城市安克雷奇附近，而水路则是捕鱼船队，集装箱船，油气开发，空中交通和军事行动常去的地方。对它们的夏季分布进行了很好的研究，但在冬季和早春，视线不佳（低照度，浮冰中的白鲸）和鲸鱼行为（与冰密切相关，更长，更深的潜水模式，较小的群体）相结合检测困难。根据我们对来自航空勘测，卫星标记和机会性目击的白鲸存在数据的评论，自1990年代以来，它们的范围已经明显缩小。从春季末到夏季直至秋季，几乎只有北部水域中有全部人口。这与1970年代的调查显着不同，当时在仲夏发现鲸鱼或将鲸鱼消散到更低的入口。到6月初，白鲸现在聚集在Susitna三角洲和Chick-Aloon湾的河口处。自2008年《濒危物种法》（Endangered SpeciesAct）上市决定以来，到6月初，总人口的83％占据了Susitna三角洲，而过去大约为50％。在8月，对Knik Arm的目光有所增加，并向较深的上部进水扩散。在秋天，白鲸在南部入口处扩散，尽管鲸鱼很少。在冬天，白鲸现在在上部入口处出现，并偶尔造访下部入口，并且没有证据表明从库克湾向外迁移。现在，该种群似乎已被整合到库克湾最上游的首选栖息地。

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