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Sedimentation and formation of secondary minerals in the hypersaline Discovery Basin, eastern Mediterranean

机译：地中海东部高盐发现盆地的沉积和次生矿物的形成

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摘要

Two cores recovered from the Discovery Basin and one reference core from a location outside the Basin were investigated in detail in order to decipher the influence of hypersaline brines on sediment geochemistry. The cores contain a tephra layer (presumable Y-5) and carbonate microfossils which permit a tentative chrono- and lithostratigraphic correlation. A layer containing up to 60 wt percent biogenic opal and 6.6 wt percent organic carbon was identified in one basin core, which probably represents the best preserved example of eastern Mediterranean sapropel S-1. The basin is filled with a concentrated solution of MgCl_2 which is enriched in dissolved sulfate and has the highest salinity ever encountered in the marine environment. Pore water profiles demonstrate that this brine dissolves sedimentary calcite to form secondary carbonate- and sulfate-bearing minerals. Of these, dolomite, magnesite and gypsum were identified by X-ray diffractometry; thermodynamic calculations show that these phases form in equilibrium with the anomalous brine composition.
机译：为了研究高盐盐水对沉积物地球化学的影响，详细研究了从发现盆地回收的两个岩心和从盆地外某个位置开采的一个参考岩心。岩心包含一个特弗拉层（推测为Y-5）和碳酸盐微化石，它们允许暂时的年代学和岩石地层学相关性。在一个盆地核心中发现了一个包含多达60 wt％的生物蛋白石和6.6 wt％的有机碳的层，这可能是地中海东部腐殖质S-1保存最完好的例子。该盆地充满了MgCl_2的浓溶液，该溶液富含溶解的硫酸盐，并且在海洋环境中具有最高的盐度。孔隙水剖面表明，该盐水溶解了方解石沉淀，形成了含碳酸盐和硫酸盐的次生矿物。其中，白云石，菱镁矿和石膏通过X射线衍射法鉴定。热力学计算表明这些相与反常的盐水组成平衡形成。

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