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Geological Characteristics and Distribution of Submarine Physiographic Features in the Taiwan Region

机译：台湾地区海底地质特征的地质特征与分布

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摘要

The sea floor topography around Taiwan is characterized by the asymmetry of its shallow and flat shelves to the west and markedly deep troughs and basins to the south and east. Tectonics and sedimentation are major controls ill forming the submarine physiographic features around Taiwan. Three Pliocene- Quaternary shelves are distributed north and west of Taiwan: East China Sea Shelf (passive margin shelf), the Taiwan Strait Shelf (foreland shelf), and Kaoping Shelf (island shelf) from north to south parallel to the strike of Taiwan orogen. Off northeastern Taiwan major morpho/tectonic features associated with plate subduction include E- W trending Ryukyu Trench, Yaeyama accretionary wedge, forearc basins, the Ryukyu Arcs, and the backarc basin of southern Okinawa Trough. Off eastern Taiwan lies the deep Huatung Basin on the Philippine Sea plate with a relatively flat floor, although several large submarine canyons are eroding and crossing the basin floor. Off southeastern Taiwan, the forearc region of the Luzon Arc has been deformed into five alternating N-S trending ridges and troughs during initial arc-continent collision. Among them, the submarine Hengchun Ridge is the seaward continuation of the Hengchun peninsula in southern Taiwan. Off southwestern Taiwan, the broad Kaoping Slope is the major submarine topographic feature with several noticeable submarine canyons. The Penghu Canyon separates this slope from the South China Sea Slope to the west and merges southwards into the Manila Trench in the northern South China Sea. Although most of sea floors of the Taiwan Strait are shallower than 60 m in water depth, there are three noticeable bathymetric lows and two highs in the Taiwan Strait. There exists a close relationship between hydrography and topography in the Taiwan Strait. Tile circulation of currents in the Taiwan Strait is strongly influenced by seasonal monsoon and semidiurnal tides. The Penghu Channel- Yunchang Ridge can be considered a modern tidal depositional system. The Taiwan Strait shelf has two phases of development. The early phase Of tile rift margin has developed during Paleoocene-Miocene and it has evolved to tile foreland basin in Pliocene-Quaternary time. Tile present shelf morphology results mainly from combined effects of foreland subsidence and modern sedimentation overprinting that of the Late Pleistocene glaciation about 15,000 years ago.
机译：台湾周围的海床地形的特征是，其西部的浅而平坦的架子不对称，而南部和东部的海槽和盆地则明显较深。构造和沉积是台湾周围形成海底生理特征的主要控制因素。台湾北部和西部分布着三个上新世第四纪陆架：东海海陆架（被动边缘陆架），台湾海峡陆架（前陆陆架）和高平陆架（岛陆架），从北向南与台湾造山带走向平行。在台湾东北部以外，与板块俯冲有关的主要地貌/构造特征包括Ｅ－Ｗ趋势的琉球海沟，八重山增生楔，前陆盆地，琉球弧和冲绳海槽南部的后弧盆地。台湾东部沿海地区是菲律宾海板块深的华东盆地，其底面相对平坦，尽管数个大型海底峡谷正在侵蚀并横穿盆地底部。在台湾东南部，吕宋弧的前臂区域在最初的弧-陆碰撞中已经变形为五个交替的南北向趋势脊和谷。其中，海底恒春岭是台湾南部恒春半岛的向海延伸。在台湾西南部，宽阔的高平坡是主要的海底地形特征，有几个引人注目的海底峡谷。澎湖峡谷将该斜坡与南中国海斜坡分开，向西，并向南合并到南中国海北部的马尼拉海沟。尽管台湾海峡的大部分海床浅水深度都小于60 m，但台湾海峡有3个明显的测深低点和2个高点。台湾海峡的水文与地形之间有着密切的关系。台湾海峡的洋流循环受季节性季风和半昼潮的强烈影响。澎湖航道-云场岭可以认为是现代潮汐沉积系统。台湾海峡大陆架有两个发展阶段。瓷砖裂谷的早期阶段是在古新世-中新世时期发展的，并已演化为上新世-第四纪的瓷砖前陆盆地。目前的架子形态主要来自前陆沉降和现代沉积作用的叠加作用，后者覆盖了大约15,000年前的晚更新世冰川作用。

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