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A review of beached bird surveys within the wadden sea trilateral monitoring and assessment program

机译：瓦登海三边监测与评估计划内的滩涂鸟类调查回顾

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The Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Programme (TMAP), established in 1994, is carried out in the framework of the Trilateral Cooperation on the Protection of the Wadden Sea, which includes Denmark, Germany, and the Netherlands. Its objective is integrated monitoring and assessment of the Wadden Sea ecosystem. Beached bird surveys have been carried out on southern North Sea coasts since the 1970s (Netherlands) or the mid-1980s (Germany and Denmark). The surveys use trilateral standardized procedures and are evaluated as part of the TMAP. The results are published at regular intervals in Wadden Sea Quality Status Reports by the Common Wadden Sea Secretariat The results of the surveys within the Wadden Sea and adjoining regions indicate steady declines in pollution levels since the mid-1980s. For example, oiling rates (the proportion of beached birds that are oiled) of the Common Guillemot Uria aalge declined on German North Sea coasts to 62% in the period 1992/93-1994/95 from 82% (n = 620) during the three winters 1984/85-1986/87 (n = 967) and to 35.5% (n = 1024) in 2001/02-2003/04. The oiling rates of pelagic and offshore species are, however, still high on southern North Sea coasts. In the period 2001/02-2003/04, the oiling rates of the Red-throated Loon Gavia stellata, Common (Black) Scoter Melanitta nigra, and the Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla on the German North Sea coast were 80% (n = 54), 50% (n = 357), and 22% (n = 137) respectively. An Ecological Quality Objective (EcoQO), phrased as "proportion of oiled Common Guillemots among those found dead or dying on beaches," has been developed within the OSPAR Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North East Atlantic and is currently being implemented. Oiling rates for this species in the southern North Sea are currently much higher than the 10% level targeted by the EcoQO.
机译：1994年建立的三边监测和评估方案是在包括丹麦，德国和荷兰在内的保护瓦登海三边合作框架内实施的。其目标是对瓦登海生态系统进行综合监测和评估。自1970年代（荷兰）或1980年代中期（德国和丹麦）以来，就在北海南部海岸进行了沙滩鸟调查。这些调查使用三边标准化程序，并作为TMAP的一部分进行评估。瓦登海共同秘书处在瓦登海质量状况报告中定期发布结果。瓦登海及毗邻地区的调查结果表明，自1980年代中期以来，污染水平持续下降。例如，1992 / 93-1994 / 95年期间，德国北海沿岸的普通海雀科的乌里亚海藻的上油率（被上海滩鸟的比例）从1992年的82％（n = 620）下降到62％。 1984 / 85-1986 / 87（n = 967）的三个冬季，在2001 / 02-2003 / 04中达到35.5％（n = 1024）。然而，在北海南部沿海，中上层和近海物种的上油率仍然很高。在2001 / 02-2003 / 04期间，德国北海沿岸红喉Loon Gavia stellata，Common（黑）Scoter Melanitta nigra和黑腿Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla的上油率为80％（n = 54），50％（n = 357）和22％（n = 137）。在OSPAR的《保护东北大西洋海洋环境公约》中，已经制定了生态质量目标（EcoQO），表述为“在海滩上死去或垂死的普通海雀科动物中上油的海雀科海胆的比例”，目前正在实施中。目前，该物种在北海南部的上油率远远高于EcoQO设定的10％的水平。

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