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Construction of interstellar cumulenes and heterocumulenes: mass spectrometric studies

机译：星际积云和异积云的构建：质谱研究

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The last few years have brought an increasing interest in the chemistry of the interstellar and circumstellar environs. Many of the molecular species discovered in remote galactic regions have been dubbed 'non-terrestrial' because of their unique structures (Thaddeus et al., 1993). These findings have provided a challenge to chemists in many differing fields to attempt to generate these unusual species in the laboratory. Of particular recent interest have been the unsaturated hydrocarbon families, C_nH and C_nH_2, which have been pursued by a number of diverse methodologies. A wide range of heterocumulenes, including C_nO, HC_nO, C_nN, HC_nN, C_nS, HC_nS, C_nSi, and HC_nSi have also provided intriguing targets for laboratory experiments. Strictly, the term cumulene refers to a class of compounds that possess a series of adjacent double bonds, with allene representing the simplest example (H_2C = C = CH_2). However, for many of the non-terrestrial molecules presented here, the carbon chain cannot be described in terms of a single simple valence structure, and so we use the terms cumulene and heterocumulene in a more general sense: to describe molecular species that contain an unsaturated polycarbon chain. Mass spectrometry has proved an invaluable tool in the quest for interstellar cumulenes and heterocumulenes in the laboratory. It has the ability, in its many forms, to (i) generate charged analogs of these species in the gas phase, (ii) probe their connectivity, ion chemistry, and thermochemistry, and (iii) in some cases, elucidate the neutrals themselves. Here, we will discuss the progress of these studies to this time.
机译：最近几年对星际和星际环境的化学越来越感兴趣。在银河偏远地区发现的许多分子物种因其独特的结构而被称为“非陆地”（Thaddeus等，1993）。这些发现给许多不同领域的化学家提出了挑战，试图在实验室中产生这些不寻常的物种。最近特别引起关注的是不饱和烃族C_nH和C_nH_2，它们已被许多不同的方法所追求。包括C_nO，HC_nO，C_nN，HC_nN，C_nS，HC_nS，C_nSi和HC_nSi在内的各种各样的杂多烯也为实验室实验提供了诱人的目标。严格地，术语异丙苯是指具有一系列相邻双键的一类化合物，其中烯丙基代表最简单的例子（H_2C = C = CH_2）。但是，对于此处显示的许多非地面分子，碳链无法用单个简单的价态结构来描述，因此我们在更笼统的意义上使用术语异丙苯和杂异丙苯：描述包含不饱和聚碳酸酯链。质谱已被证明是实验室中寻求星际积云和异积云的宝贵工具。它具有多种形式的能力：（i）在气相中生成这些物种的带电类似物，（ii）探测其连接性，离子化学和热化学，以及（iii）在某些情况下阐明中性分子本身。在这里，我们将讨论这些研究到现在的进展。

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