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Triaxial tests on model sand columns in clay

机译：粘土模型砂柱的三轴试验

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Vibro-stone columns can improve the bearing capacity and reduce the settlement of foundations. Their performance depends on the strength of the column material, reinforcement method of column installation, type of in situ soil, area replacement ratio, and column length. This paper examines the behaviour of small laboratory specimens of soft clay (undrained shear strength 30 kPa) reinforced with sand columns when tested under known boundary stress conditions. Two series of tests were carried out on kaolin specimens (diameter 100 mm, height 200 mm) in a triaxial cell. In the first series, specimens were reinforced with a 32 mm diameter column of sand, 80, 120, 160, or 200 mm long. Columns were installed by (i) compacting moist sand into a prebored hole or (ii) freezing a column of moist sand before inserting it into a prebored hole. In the second series, columns were reinforced with geo-grids before installation. The specimens were subjected to (i) uniform loading in which the load was applied over the entire surface area of the specimen or (ii) foundation-type loading in which only a small area in the centre of the specimen was loaded. Under uniform loading, the specimens containing a full-depth column were significantly stronger than specimens without columns. Specimens with single, partially penetrating columns installed by wet compaction were weaker than specimens without columns. When frozen columns were installed, strengths increased progressively. Under foundation-type loading, bearing capacities increased with an increase in column length. Geo-grid reinforcement produced significant increases in load-carrying capacity.
机译：振动石柱可以提高承载能力并减少地基的沉降。它们的性能取决于柱材料的强度，柱安装的加固方法，原位土壤的类型，面积置换率和柱长。本文研究了在已知边界应力条件下测试的，用砂柱加固的小型软黏土实验室样品（不排水剪切强度30 kPa）的性能。在三轴样品池中对高岭土样品（直径100毫米，高度200毫米）进行了两个系列的测试。在第一个系列中，用直径32毫米，长80、120、160或200毫米的沙柱加固标本。通过（i）将湿沙压实到预钻孔中或（ii）在将湿沙列插入预钻孔之前将其冷冻来安装色谱柱。在第二系列中，在安装之前，用土工格栅加固了圆柱。试样受到（i）均匀载荷，其中载荷施加在试样的整个表面积上;或（ii）基础型载荷，其中仅载荷试样中心的一小部分。在均匀加载下，包含全深度柱的样品明显强于没有柱的样品。通过湿法压实安装的具有单个，部分穿透柱的样品比没有柱的样品要弱。安装冷冻柱后，强度逐渐提高。在基础型荷载下，承载力随着柱长的增加而增加。土工格栅加固大大提高了承载能力。

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