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Microstructure and creep behaviour of pressure boundary welds from Grade 91 steel tee

机译：91级三通压力边界焊缝的组织和蠕变行为

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摘要

New power generation equipment firing either coal or natural gas is required to operate at high levels of efficiency with greater operational flexibility than has been true for such equipment in the past. Because of their unique combination of superior creep strength and favourable thermal-physical properties, Grade 91 and the other creep strength enhanced ferritic (CSEF) steels are materials of choice for components operating in the elevated temperature sections of this equipment. To fully realise the benefits of these alloys, it is essential that careful control:be maintained during all phases of processing of the material, from design, through material production, to fabrication and installation. Absent such control, rates of damage accumulation can be much greater than expected from 'Code' minimum data. Problems have been associated with incorrect heat treatment: failure to develop the necessary structure during the normalising heat treatment or breakdown of that structure during subsequent sub-critical heat treatments. Heat treating schedules must consider not only the specific chemical composition of the base and weld filler metal, but also the cumulative impact of multiple heat treatments on the final material structure and its properties. The present work has examined the performance of welds in an ex-service component. The results suggest that, even when less than optimal heat treatment is carried out, the susceptibility for Type IV cracking in weld heat affected zones may be the life limiting factor for most CSEF steel components.
机译：需要新的燃烧煤炭或天然气的发电设备，以高效率运行并具有比过去对此类设备更大的运行灵活性。由于它们具有优异的蠕变强度和良好的热物理性能的独特组合，因此91级钢和其他蠕变强度增强的铁素体（CSEF）钢是在该设备高温部分运行的组件的首选材料。为了充分实现这些合金的优势，至关重要的是必须进行仔细的控制：在材料加工的所有阶段，从设计到材料生产，再到制造和安装，都应予以严格控制。如果没有这种控制，则损害累积率可能远高于“规范”最低数据的预期。问题与不正确的热处理有关：在规范化热处理过程中未能开发出必要的结构，或者在随后的亚临界热处理过程中该结构发生了故障。热处理时间表必须不仅考虑母材和焊缝金属的特定化学成分，而且还必须考虑多次热处理对最终材料结构及其性能的累积影响。目前的工作已经检查了售后服务部件中的焊接性能。结果表明，即使不进行最佳热处理，焊缝热影响区IV型裂纹的敏感性也可能是大多数CSEF钢部件的寿命限制因素。

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