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Microstructural evolution of ASTM grade 91 after long-term creep testing

机译：长期蠕变测试后ASTM 91级的显微组织演变

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Modified 9Cr-1Mo steel (ASTM grade P/T91) is conventionally applied in the construction of high efficiency supercritical and ultra-supercritical boilers, reaching metal temperatures up to 600-610 degrees C. As a part of the characterisation process of commercial pipes, Tenaris has performed over the years several long-term creep tests, with duration up to over 100,000 h, for temperatures between 550 and 650 degrees C. Microstructural characterisation has been performed on broken specimens, including analysis of the state of precipitation after TEM imaging of extraction replicas. The evolution of M23C6 coarse carbides, and MX carbo-nitrides, as well as the nucleation of new phases, such as Laves and Z are described in this paper. Observations reveal Laves phase nucleation and growth peak at 600 degrees C, whereas almost no particles were observed after ageing at higher temperature; moreover, transformation of MX carbonitrides into Z-phase is also faster at 600 degrees C, and slows at higher temperature.
机译：改性9Cr-1Mo钢（ASTM P / T91级）通常用于建造高效超临界和超超临界锅炉，可达到高达600-610摄氏度的金属温度。作为商用管道表征过程的一部分， Tenaris多年来已经在550到650摄氏度之间的温度下进行了数个长期蠕变测试，持续时间长达100,000 h以上。对断裂的样品进行了微结构表征，包括对TEM成像后的沉淀状态进行分析。提取副本。本文描述了M23C6粗碳化物和MX碳氮化物的演化以及诸如Laves和Z之类的新相的成核作用。观察结果表明，Laves相的形核和生长峰值在600摄氏度，而在高温下老化后几乎没有观察到颗粒。此外，MX碳氮化物向Z相的转变在600摄氏度时也更快，而在较高温度下则变慢。

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