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Operational experience of two-shifting large coal fired units

机译：两班大型燃煤机组的运行经验

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Market-driven forces in the sale of electricity led to an excess-capacity base load station (Majuba, 6 X 660 MW) to be considered for two-shift duty. Accordingly, the station could demonstrate greater earnings than if it was on base load duty. Typical peak demand in S. Africa was 29000 MW, but the declared capacity was far higher than this at 43000 MW. (In comparison the respective figures for the UK are 56000 and 68000 MW.)A review of world-wide experience showed that in all designs considered, creep-fatigue interactions were the major obstacle. A risk model was developed, and the six most critical headers in each unit were assessed using a remnant life model from PowerGen. It was necessary to pre-heat the turbine during cold starts using both cold reheat steam (i.e. below design) and main steam (soak period). The turbine rotor was also monitored using creep-fatigue software.
机译：电力销售中的市场驱动力导致了产能过剩的基本负荷站（Majuba，6 X 660 MW）被考虑用于两班制。相应地，该站可能会比其承担基本负荷职责时表现出更大的收益。非洲南部的典型高峰需求为29000兆瓦，但宣布的容量远远高于此数字（43000兆瓦）。 （相比之下，英国的数字分别为56000和68000 MW。）对全球经验的回顾表明，在所有考虑的设计中，蠕变-疲劳相互作用是主要障碍。开发了风险模型，并使用PowerGen的剩余寿命模型评估了每个单元中六个最重要的标头。在冷启动期间，必须同时使用冷再热蒸汽（即低于设计温度）和主蒸汽（均热时间）预热涡轮机。涡轮转子也使用蠕变疲劳软件进行监控。

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