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Panel Discussion: Plant operation and design

机译：小组讨论：工厂运营和设计

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The Chairman, DR L. MOGRIDGE (Innogy) opened by stating that two shifting of plant was but one tactic in the non-steady demand for electricity. Nowadays, minimum cost had to be achieved which meant that an eye had to be kept on maintenance, start up procedures and asset management. MR G. HAWKINS (HSE) enquired whether the impact of two shifting had affected safety and maintenance schedules. In reply, MR J. CHOW (China Light & Power) implied that the problems were well managed, with no extra risk either to personnel or to boilers, turbines etc. The statistics of steam leak rates, for example, were no different to those from base load units. If plant was designed for cycling, the lifetime expired sooner. Dr Pearson (J. M. Pearson & Associates) stated that the failure mechanisms were well understood and listed the cases of: fracture mechanics techniques, headers failing by ductility exhaustion and Type IV cracking in boilers and pressure vessels (which was not actually due to two shifting). If there were areas of doubt, one built on experience using bore inspection techniques for instance. He cited the case of cracking occurring in Castle Peak turbine blades, and the discovery of small defects in Inconel turbine wheels which developed into large cracks because of the newly discovered SAGBO mechanism (Stress-Assisted-Grain-Boundary Oxidation). Manufacturers were trying to stop this by shot peening.
机译：主席DR L. MOGRIDGE（Innogy）在开幕词中说，两次转移工厂只是非稳定电力需求中的一种策略。如今，必须达到最低成本，这意味着必须关注维护，启动程序和资产管理。 G. HAWKINS先生（HSE）询问两次轮班的影响是否影响了安全和维护计划。周杰伦先生（中国电力公司）暗示，问题得到了很好的解决，对人员或锅炉，涡轮机等都没有额外的风险。例如，蒸汽泄漏率的统计数字与这些数字没有什么不同。来自基本载荷单位。如果工厂设计为循环使用，则使用寿命会更早过期。 Pearson博士（JM Pearson＆Associates）表示，故障机理得到了很好的理解，并列举了以下情况：断裂力学技术，集管因延展性衰竭而失效，锅炉和压力容器中出现IV型开裂（这实际上不是由于两次移位引起的） 。如果存在疑问，例如可以使用钻孔检查技术来积累经验。他列举了青山涡轮机叶片出现裂纹的情况，以及因新发现的SAGBO机理（应力辅助颗粒边界氧化）而使Inconel涡轮机叶轮中出现小裂纹的发现。制造商试图通过喷丸来阻止这种情况。

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