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Left to their own devices: Medical learners' use of mobile technologies

机译：留给自己的设备：医学学习者对移动技术的使用

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Background: Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects language functions and often begins in the fifth or sixth decade of life. The devastating effects on work and family life call for the investigation of treatment alternatives. In this article, we present new data indicating that neuromodulatory treatment, using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with a spelling intervention, shows some promise for maintaining or even improving language, at least temporarily, in PPA.Aims: The main aim of the present article is to determine whether tDCS plus spelling intervention is more effective than spelling intervention alone in treating written language in PPA. We also asked whether the effects of tDCS are sustained longer than the effects of spelling intervention alone.Methods & Procedures: We present data from six PPA participants who underwent anodal tDCS or sham plus spelling intervention in a within-subject crossover design. Each stimulation condition lasted 3 weeks or a total of 15 sessions with a 2-month interval in between. Participants were evaluated on treatment tasks as well as on other language and cognitive tasks at 2-week and 2-month follow-up intervals after each stimulation condition.Outcomes & Results: All participants showed improvement in spelling (with sham or tDCS). There was no difference in the treated items between the two conditions. There was, however, consistent and significant improvement for untrained items only in the tDCS plus spelling intervention condition. Furthermore, the improvement lasted longer in the tDCS plus spelling intervention condition compared to sham plus spelling intervention condition.Conclusions: Neuromodulation with tDCS offers promise as a means of augmenting language therapy to improve written language function at least temporarily in PPA. The consistent finding of generalisation of treatment benefits to untreated items and the superior sustainability of treatment effects with tDCS justifies further investigations. However, the small sample size still requires caution in interpretation. Present interventions need to be optimised, and particular challenges, such as ways to account for the variable effect of degeneration in each individual, are discussed.
机译：背景：原发性进行性失语症（PPA）是一种主要影响语言功能的神经退行性疾病，通常始于生命的第五或第六个十年。对工作和家庭生活的破坏性影响要求研究替代治疗方法。在本文中，我们提供了新的数据，表明通过经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）结合拼写干预进行的神经调节治疗显示出至少在短期内保持或什至改善PPA语言的潜力。本文旨在确定tDCS加上拼写干预是否比单独的拼写干预更有效地治疗PPA中的书面语言。我们还询问了tDCS的效果是否比单独拼写干预的效果持久。方法和步骤：我们提供了六名PPA参与者的数据，这些参与者在受试者内部交叉设计中接受了阳极tDCS或假手术加拼写干预。每种刺激条件持续3周或总共15次，间隔2个月。在每种刺激条件后的2周和2个月的随访时间间隔内，评估参与者的治疗任务以及其他语言和认知任务。结果与结果：所有参与者的拼写均有改善（假或tDCS）。两种情况之间的治疗项目没有差异。但是，仅在tDCS加上拼写干预条件下，未经培训的项目才获得了持续而显着的改进。此外，与假手术和拼写干预相比，tDCS加上拼写干预条件的改善持续时间更长。结论：tDCS的神经调节有望作为一种增强语言疗法的手段，至少在PPA中暂时改善书面语言功能。对tDCS的治疗益处的普遍化和tDCS优异的治疗效果可持续性的一致发现证明了进一步的研究的合理性。但是，小样本量仍需谨慎解释。当前的干预措施需要进行优化，并讨论一些特殊的挑战，例如解决每个人的变性变化影响的方法。

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