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A micro-optical system for endoscopy based on mechanical compensation paradigm using miniature piezo-actuation

机译：基于机械补偿范例的微型压电内窥镜微光学系统

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The goal of the study was to investigate the feasibility of a novel miniaturized optical system for endoscopy. Fostering the mechanical compensation paradigm, the modeled optical system, composed by 14 lenses, separated in 4 different sets, had a total length of 15.55. mm, an effective focal length ranging from 1.5 to 4.5. mm with a zoom factor of about 2.8×, and an angular field of view up to 56°. Predicted maximum lens travel was less than 3.5. mm. The consistency of the image plane height across the magnification range testified the zoom capability. The maximum predicted achromatic astigmatism, transverse spherical aberration, longitudinal spherical aberration and relative distortion were less than or equal to 25. μm, 15. μm, 35. μm and 12%, respectively. Tests on tolerances showed that the manufacturing and opto-mechanics mounting are critical as little deviations from design dramatically decrease the optical performances. However, recent micro-fabrication technology can guarantee tolerances close to nominal design. A closed-loop actuation unit, devoted to move the zoom and the focus lens sets, was implemented adopting miniaturized squiggle piezo-motors and magnetic position encoders based on Hall effect. Performance results, using a prototypical test board, showed a positioning accuracy of less than 5. μm along a lens travel path of 4.0. mm, which was in agreement with the lens set motion features predicted by the analysis. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the feasibility of the optical design and the viability of the actuation approach while tolerances must be carefully taken into account.
机译：该研究的目的是研究一种新型的用于内窥镜的小型光学系统的可行性。为了建立机械补偿范式，由14个透镜组成的光学系统模型分为4组，总长度为15.55。 mm，有效焦距范围为1.5到4.5。毫米，变焦倍数约为2.8倍，视角范围达56°。预计最大镜头行程小于3.5。毫米像面高度在整个放大范围内的一致性证明了变焦能力。最大预测消色差像散，横向球差，纵向球差和相对畸变分别小于或等于25.μm，15。μm，35。μm和12％。公差测试表明，制造和光机械安装至关重要，因为与设计的微小偏差会大大降低光学性能。但是，最新的微制造技术可以保证公差接近标称设计。闭环致动单元专用于移动变焦镜头和聚焦透镜组，它采用了微型花键压电马达和基于霍尔效应的磁性位置编码器。使用原型测试板的性能结果显示，沿着镜头行进路径4.0的定位精度小于5μm。毫米，这与分析预测的镜头组运动特征一致。总之，这项研究表明了光学设计的可行性和驱动方法的可行性，同时必须仔细考虑公差。

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