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首页> 外文期刊>Mathematical Biosciences: An International Journal >Comparative methods based on species mean values
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Comparative methods based on species mean values

机译:基于物种平均值的比较方法

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Comparative methods that use simple linear regression based on species mean values introduce three difficulties with respect to the standard regression model. First, species values may not be independent because they form part of a hierarchically structured phylogeny. Second, variation about the regression line includes two sources of error: 'biological error' due to deviations of the true species mean values from the regression line and sampling error associated with the estimation of these mean values [B. Riska, Am. Natural. 138 (1991) 283]. Third, sampling error in the independent variable results in an attenuated estimate of the regression slope. We consider estimation and hypothesis testing using two statistical models which explicitly justify the use of the species mean values, without the need to account for phylogenetic relationships. The first (random-effects) is based on an evolutionary model whereby species evolve to fill a bivariate normal niche space, and the second (fixed-effects) is concerned with describing a relationship among the particular species included in a study, where the only source of error is in the estimation of species mean values. We use a modification of the maximum-likelihood method to obtain an unbiased estimate of the regression slope. For three real datasets we find a close correspondence between this slope and that obtained by simply regressing the species mean values on each other. In the random effects model, the P-value also approximates that based on the regression of species mean values. In the fixed effects model, the P-value is typically much lower. Simulated examples illustrate that the maximum-likelihood approach is useful when the accuracy in estimating the species mean values is low, but the traditional method based on a regression of the species mean values may often be justified provided that the evolutionary model can be justified. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. [References: 33]
机译:使用基于物种平均值的简单线性回归的比较方法相对于标准回归模型引入了三个困难。首先,物种值可能不是独立的,因为它们构成了层次结构的系统发育学的一部分。其次,回归线的变化包括两个误差源:由于真实物种平均值偏离回归线而导致的“生物误差”,以及与这些平均值的估计相关的采样误差[B。瑞卡(Riska),美国自然。 138(1991)283]。第三,自变量中的采样误差会导致回归斜率的估计值降低。我们考虑使用两个统计模型进行估计和假设检验,这两个统计模型可明确证明使用物种均值是合理的,而无需考虑系统发育关系。第一个(随机效应)基于一种进化模型,其中物种进化为填充双变量正常生态位空间,第二个(固定效应)与描述研究中特定物种之间的关系有关,其中唯一的错误的来源在于物种平均值的估计。我们使用最大似然法的一种修改来获得回归斜率的无偏估计。对于三个真实的数据集,我们发现该斜率与通过简单地相互回归物种平均值获得的斜率之间具有密切的对应关系。在随机效应模型中,P值也基于物种均值的回归值近似。在固定效果模型中,P值通常要低得多。仿真算例表明,当估计物种均值的准确性较低时,最大似然法很有用,但只要能够证明进化模型的合理性,基于物种均值回归的传统方法通常是合理的。 (C)2004 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。 [参考:33]

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