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Investigation of explosive compaction (EC) for liquefaction mitigation using CPT records

机译：使用CPT记录调查爆炸压实（EC）以减轻液化

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Explosive compaction (EC) or Blast densification (BD) has been realized as an efficient technique for soil improvement and mitigation of the liquefaction potential in loose saturated sands. Due to providing continuous and precise records, Piezocone (CPTu) is the most applicable in situ test in geotechnical practice for evaluation of liquefaction potential. In this research a data bank including eight case histories in different locations has been compiled for investigation of EC effects on mitigation of loose sands instability. The sites geomaterials are in the category of fine to medium sand, silty sand and mixture of sand and gravel with relative density between 30 and 60 % and thickness of 5-40 m. Four CPT-based criteria have been used including cyclic stress ratio approach, cone tip resistance (q(c)) variations before and after modification, Q(tn) and q(c1N), and soil behavior classification charts. Analyses have shown that due to EC the state of soil changes from loose to dense, the contractive behavior of sands changes to dilative, and the liquefaction potential diminishes. Also, by using soil behavior classification charts pre and post explosion, it can be observed that improved soils are not in the liquefiable zone, anymore. This improvement has a significant effect on layers where located in deeper zones, whereas in surface layers in some cases, liquefaction phenomenon has been observed. Moreover, by blasting in two stages between first and phases for boreholes, liquefaction potential decreases significantly.
机译：爆炸压实（EC）或爆炸致密化（BD）已被视为一种有效的技术，用于土壤改良和减轻松散饱和砂土中的液化潜力。由于提供了连续而精确的记录，因此，Piezocone（CPTu）在岩土工程中最适用于评估液化潜力的原位测试。在本研究中，已汇编了一个数据库，其中包括八个不同位置的案例历史记录，以研究EC对缓解松散砂岩不稳定性的影响。土工材料的类别为细至中型砂，粉质砂以及砂石砾的混合物，相对密度在30％至60％之间，厚度为5-40 m。已经使用了四个基于CPT的标准，包括循环应力比法，修改前后的锥顶阻力（q（c））变化，Q（tn）和q（c1N）以及土壤行为分类图。分析表明，由于EC，土壤状态从松散变为致密，沙土的收缩行为变为膨胀，液化势减小。同样，通过使用爆炸前后的土壤行为分类图，可以观察到改良的土壤不再处于可液化区域。这种改进对位于较深区域的层具有显着影响，而在某些情况下，在表层中已观察到液化现象。此外，通过在井眼的第一阶段和第二阶段之间的两个阶段进行爆破，液化潜力大大降低。

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