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首页> 外文期刊>Biochemistry >Protein Folding in the Cell:On the Mechanisms of Its Acceleration
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Protein Folding in the Cell:On the Mechanisms of Its Acceleration

机译：细胞中的蛋白质折叠：关于其加速机制

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The mechanisms responsible for protein folding in the cell can be divided in two groups.The ones in the first group would be those preventing the aggregation of unfolded polypeptide chains or of incompletely folded proteins,as well as the mechanisms which provide for the energy-consuming unfolding of incorrectly folded structures,giving them a chance to begin a new folding cycle.Mechanisms of this type do not affect the rate of folding(it occurs spontaneously),yet considerably increase the efficiency of the entire process.By contrast,the mechanisms belonging to second group actually accelerate protein folding by exerting a direct influence on the rate-limiting steps of the overall reaction.Although not a conventional one,such a classification helps define the topic of this review.Its main purpose is to discuss the ability of chaperonins(and that of some chaperones)to interact directly with substrate proteins in the course of their folding and thus accelerate the rate-limiting steps of that process.(Mechanisms of protein folding acceleration produced by the action of enzymes,e.g.,peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase and protein disulfide isomerase,are not considered in this review.)Specific cases demonstrating an accelerated folding of some proteins encapsulated in the bacterial chaperonin GroEL cavity are considered,and the conditions favoring such acceleration are examined.Experimental data supporting the notion that the structure and functional properties of GroEL are not optimal for an effective folding of many of its substrate proteins is discussed.The current status of research on the mechanism behind the active participation of different subunits of eucaryotic cytosol chaperonin(CCT)in the final steps of the folding of actin and tubulin is reviewed.Particular attention is devoted to steric chaperones,which dramatically accelerate the formation of the native structure of their substrate proteins by stabilizing certain folding intermediates.The structural foundations underlying the effect of the subtilisin pro-domain on the folding of the mature enzyme are considered.The prospects of future studies into the mechanisms responsible for accelerating protein folding in the cell are commented upon.
机译：负责细胞中蛋白质折叠的机制可以分为两类。第一类是防止未折叠的多肽链或不完全折叠的蛋白质聚集的机制，以及消耗能量的机制。展开不正确折叠的结构，使它们有机会开始新的折叠周期。这种类型的机制不会影响折叠的速率（它是自然发生的），但是却大大提高了整个过程的效率。第二类药物实际上是通过直接影响整个反应的限速步骤来加速蛋白质折叠。尽管这不是常规方法，但这种分类方法有助于定义本综述的主题。其主要目的是讨论伴侣蛋白的能力。 （以及某些伴侣蛋白）在折叠过程中直接与底物蛋白相互作用，从而加速了底物蛋白的限速步骤（本文未考虑由酶的作用产生的蛋白质折叠加速机制，如肽基-脯氨酰顺/反异构酶和蛋白质二硫键异构酶）。考虑了细菌伴侣蛋白GroEL腔，并研究了有利于这种加速的条件。讨论了支持GroEL的结构和功能特性并非有效折叠其许多底物蛋白的最佳状态的实验数据。研究现状综述了真核细胞溶质伴侣蛋白（CCT）不同亚基在肌动蛋白和微管蛋白折叠的最后步骤中主动参与的机制。特别关注空间伴侣蛋白，它们极大地促进了它们的天然结构的形成。通过稳定某些折叠中间体来形成底物蛋白。考虑了枯草杆菌蛋白酶前结构域对成熟酶折叠作用的潜在影响的离子。评述了加速细胞中蛋白质折叠的机制的未来研究前景。

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