PRODUCTIVITY - CALCULATION OF THE REAL PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION AND PROMOTION COSTS AS A FEATURE OF COMPETITION

J. SZADKOWSKA

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PRODUCTIVITY - CALCULATION OF THE REAL PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION AND PROMOTION COSTS AS A FEATURE OF COMPETITION

机译：生产率-计算实际生产，分配和促销费用是竞争的特征

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Information on a real costs of a product or service is of a great importance for effective operation of a firm under conditions of permanently increasing competition. Thus die need arises to use more perfect tools ensuring more accurate monitoring of the processes which happen at the firm. The article describes a present approach to calculating the costs of production processes and' circum production' ones based on work reckoning (ABC). This system enables to analyse the process costs from the various perspectives and time horizons, and owing to such information one can control processes by permanent 01 immediate improvement of quality, performance or activity rate.

机译：有关产品或服务的实际成本的信息对于在竞争不断加剧的条件下有效运营公司至关重要。因此，需要使用更完善的工具来确保对公司发生的过程进行更准确的监控。本文介绍了一种基于工作估算（ABC）的生产过程和“环境生产”成本的计算方法。该系统能够从各种角度和时间范围分析过程成本，并且由于这些信息，人们可以通过永久性的01质量，绩效或活动率的持续改进来控制过程。

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《Mechanizacja i Automatyzacja Gornictwa》 |2004年第10期|共6页
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J. SZADKOWSKA;
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1. PRODUCTIVITY - CALCULATION OF THE REAL PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION AND PROMOTION COSTS AS A FEATURE OF COMPETITION [J] . J. SZADKOWSKA Mechanizacja i Automatyzacja Gornictwa . 2004,第10期

机译：生产率-计算实际生产，分配和促销费用是竞争的特征
2. Formation of expenditure and calculation of production costs of cereal crops [J] . Kucherin AP Экономика сельскохозяйственных и перерабатывающих предприятий . 1999,第2期

机译：谷物作物的支出形成和生产成本的计算
3. Formation of expenditure and calculation of production costs of cereal crops [J] . Kucherin AP Экономика сельскохозяйственных и перерабатывающих предприятий . 1999,第2期

机译：谷物作物生产成本的开支和计算
4. THE REAL COST OF IDENTITY PRESERVATION IN THE GRAIN PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM [C] . C. Phillip Baumel, Marty J. McVey Annual International Technical Conference and Exposition of the Grain Elevator and Processing Society . 2001

机译：粮食生产和分配系统中身份保存的实际成本
5. Operation based costing model for measuring productivity in production systems. [D] . Deo, Balbinder Singh. 2001

机译：基于运营的成本核算模型，用于测量生产系统中的生产率。
6. Efficient calculation of exact probability distributions of integer features on RNA secondary structures [O] . Ryota Mori, Michiaki Hamada, Kiyoshi Asai 2014

机译：有效计算RNA二级结构上整数特征的准确概率分布
7. We analyze, in this paper, a DSGE New Keynesian model with indi- visible labor where firms may belong to two different final goods producing sectors one where wages and employment are determined in competitive labor markets and the orther where wages and employment are the result of a contractual process between unions and firms. Bargaining between firms and monopoly unions implies real wage rigidity in the model and, in turn, an endogenous trade-off between output stabilization and infla- tion stabilization. We show that the negative effect of a productivity shock on inflation and the positive effect of a cost-push shock is crucially determined by the proportion of firms that belong to the competitive sec- tor. The larger is this number, the smaller are these effects. We derive a welfare based objective function as a second order Taylor approxima- tion of the expected utility of the economy's representative agent and we analyze optimal monetary policy. We show that the larger is the num- ber of firms that belong to the competitive sector, the smaller should be the response of the nominal interest rate to exogenous productivity and cost-push shocks. If we consider, however, an instrument rule where the interest rate must react to inflationary expectations, the rule is not af- fected by the structure of the labor market. The results of the model are consistent with a well known empirical regularity in macroeconomics, i.e. that employment volatility is larger than real wage volatility. [O] . Lorenza Rossi, Fabrizio Mattesini 100

机译：在本文中，我们分析了DsGE新凯恩斯主义模型，该模型具有明显的劳动力，其中企业可能属于两个不同的最终产品生产部门，其中工资和就业是在竞争性劳动力市场中确定的，而工资和就业是由工资和就业导致的。工会和公司之间的合同过程。企业和垄断联盟之间的讨价还价意味着模型中的实际工资刚性，反过来，产出稳定和通货膨胀稳定之间的内生权衡。我们表明，生产率冲击对通货膨胀的负面影响以及成本推动冲击的积极影响，主要取决于属于竞争部门的企业比例。这个数字越大，这些效果越小。我们得出一个基于福利的目标函数作为经济代理人的预期效用的二阶泰勒近似，我们分析最优货币政策。我们表明，属于竞争性行业的企业数量越大，名义利率对外生生产率和成本推动冲击的反应就越小。但是，如果我们考虑利率必须对通胀预期作出反应的工具规则，则该规则不受劳动力市场结构的影响。该模型的结果与宏观经济学中众所周知的经验规律一致，即就业波动率大于实际工资波动率。

PRODUCTIVITY - CALCULATION OF THE REAL PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION AND PROMOTION COSTS AS A FEATURE OF COMPETITION

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