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BORON

机译：硼

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摘要

Borates are essential to life, and to many products that are essential to an acceptable standard of living. They occur naturally in seawater at an average concentration of five milligrams of boron per liter. Fresh water lakes, rivers, streams and ground water generally have concentrations of about one milligram boron per liter. Borates are also present in soil at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to three milligrams of boron per kilogram. Because most of that boron is locked into insoluble minerals, clay or organic matter, boron deficiency is more widespread than boron enrichment. Borates evaporate into the atmosphere from seawater, rain, snow and hot springs. In rain and snow, natural boron concentrations range from 0.002 and 0.1 milligrams boron per liter. All told, boron moves through the atmosphere at a rate of 5 Mt to 7 Mt/a (5.5 million to 7.7 million stpy). Borates perform essential functions at the cellular level in all plants. They are integral to a plant's reproductive cycle, controlling flowering, pollen production, germination, seed and fruit development. Borates also act as a fuel pump, aiding the transmission of sugars from older leaves to new growth areas and root systems.
机译：硼酸盐对生命以及对可接受的生活水平至关重要的许多产品至关重要。它们天然存在于海水中，平均浓度为每升五毫克硼。淡水湖泊，河流，溪流和地下水的浓度通常为每升约一毫克硼。硼酸盐也以每公斤0.1至3毫克硼的浓度存在于土壤中。由于大多数硼被锁定在不溶性矿物，粘土或有机物中，因此硼缺乏比硼富集更为普遍。硼酸盐从海水，雨水，雪和温泉中蒸发到大气中。在雨雪中，天然硼的浓度范围为每升0.002至0.1毫克硼。综上所述，硼在大气中的移动速度为5 Mt至7 Mt / a（550万至770万stpy）。硼酸盐在所有植物的细胞水平上均起着重要的作用。它们是植物繁殖周期不可或缺的组成部分，可控制开花，花粉生产，发芽，种子和果实的发育。硼酸盐还充当燃料泵，帮助糖从旧叶到新生长区和根系的传输。

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