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Sodium sulfate - 5,000 years of mining and processing salt cake

机译:硫酸钠-5,000年的盐饼开采和加工历史

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摘要

Sodium sulfate is one of the larger tonnage industrial minerals. A little more than half of this tonnage -3 Mt/a (3.3 million stpy) of natural product is recovered from ore deposits. Most of the rest is produced as a byproduct from other manufacturing operations. Sodium sulfate is mined in a variety of ways. These include conventional room-and-pillar mining, strip mining, in situ leaching of thick ore beds, solar evaporation and cooling-crystallization of lake brine, and the pumping of brine from complex salt deposits. There is also a variety of commercial sodium sulfate ore sources. They include thenardite (the mineral form of sodium sulfate, or Na{sub}2SO{sub}4), mirabilite (glauber salt, Na{sub}2SO{sub}4 10H{sub}2O), glauberite (Na{sub}2SO{sub}4·CaSO{sub}4), astrakanite (bloedite; Na{sub}2 SO{sub}4·MgSO{sub}4·4H{sub}2O), burkeite (2Na{sub}2SO{sub}4·Na{sub}2CO{sub}3), sodium sulfate-containing caliche and various brines.
机译:硫酸钠是较大吨位的工业矿物之一。从矿石储量中回收的吨数-3 Mt / a天然产品(330万stpy)的一半多一点。其余的大部分是其他制造业务的副产品。硫酸钠的开采方法多种多样。这些措施包括常规的房柱开采,带状开采,厚矿石床的原地浸出,太阳蒸发和湖盐水的冷却结晶以及从复杂盐矿中抽出盐水。还有各种各样的商业硫酸钠矿源。它们包括芒硝(硫酸钠的矿物形式,即Na {sub} 2SO {sub} 4),芒硝(芒硝,Na {sub} 2SO {sub} 4 10H {sub} 2O),钙芒硝(Na {sub} 2SO {sub} 4·CaSO {sub} 4),天青石(水辉石; Na {sub} 2 SO {sub} 4·MgSO {sub} 4·4H {sub} 2O),硼碳石(2Na {sub} 2SO {sub } 4·Na {sub} 2CO {sub} 3),含硫酸钠的冰壶和各种盐水。

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