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首页> 外文期刊>Molecular biology and evolution >Sexual selection and maintenance of sex: Evidence from comparisons of rates of genomic accumulation of mutations and divergence of sex-related genes in sexual and hermaphroditic species of Caenorhabditis
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Sexual selection and maintenance of sex: Evidence from comparisons of rates of genomic accumulation of mutations and divergence of sex-related genes in sexual and hermaphroditic species of Caenorhabditis

机译：性选择和性行为维持：通过比较性腺隐孢子虫有性和两性物种的基因组累积突变率和性相关基因的发散率，提供证据

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Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the persistence of dioecy despite the reproductive advantages conferred to hermaphrodites, including greater efficiency at purging deleterious mutations in the former. Dioecy can benefit from both mutation purging and accelerated evolution by bringing together beneficial mutations in the same individual via recombination and shuffling of genotypes. In addition, mathematical treatment has shown that sexual selection is also capable of mitigating the cost of maintaining separate sexes by increasing the overall fitness of sexual populations, and genomic comparisons have shown that sexual selection can lead to accelerated evolution. Here, we examine the advantages of dioecy versus hermaphroditism by comparing the rate of evolution in sex- related genes and the rate of accumulation of deleterious mutations using a large number of orthologs ( 11,493) in the dioecious Caenorhabditis remanei and the hermaphroditic Caenorhabditis briggsae. We have used this data set to estimate the deleterious mutation rate per generation, U, in both species and find that although it is significantly higher in hermaphrodites, both species are at least 2 orders of magnitude lower than the value required to explain the persistence of sex by efficiency at purging deleterious mutations alone. We also find that genes expressed in sperm are evolving rapidly in both species; however, they show a greater increase in their rate of evolution relative to genes expressed in other tissues in C. remanei, suggesting stronger sexual selection pressure acting on these genes in dioecious species. Interestingly, the persistence of a signal of rapid evolution of sperm genes in C. briggsae suggests a recent evolutionary origin of hermaphrodism in this lineage. Our results provide empirical evidence of increased sexual selection pressure in dioecious animals, supporting the possibility that sexual selection may play an important role in the maintenance of sexual reproduction.
机译：尽管雌雄同体具有生殖优势，但提出了一些假说来解释雌雄同体的持久性，包括在清除前者中有害突变方面的效率更高。通过改变基因型的重组和改组将同一个体中的有益突变整合在一起，对症治疗既可以受益于清除突变又可以促进进化。此外，数学处理表明，性选择还可以通过增加性人群的整体适应性来减轻维持单独性别的成本，并且基因组比较表明，性选择可以促进进化。在这里，我们通过比较雌雄异型的秀丽隐杆线虫和雌雄同体的秀丽隐杆线虫中大量直系同源物（11,493），比较了性别相关基因的进化速率和有害突变的积累速率，检验了雌雄异体与雌雄同体的优势。我们已经使用该数据集来估计两个物种的每代U的有害突变率，并且发现尽管在雌雄同体中该突变率显着更高，但是两个物种都比解释其持久性所需的值低至少两个数量级。通过仅清除有害突变的效率来实现性行为。我们还发现，在两个物种中，精子中表达的基因正在迅速发展。然而，相对于re。remanei中其他组织中表达的基因，它们的进化速率有更大的提高，表明在雌雄异体的物种中，对这些基因的性选择压力更大。有趣的是，在C. briggsae中，精子基因快速进化的信号的持续存在表明该种雌雄同体的近代进化起源。我们的结果提供了雌雄异体动物性选择压力增加的经验证据，支持了性选择可能在维持性生殖中起重要作用的可能性。

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