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SEXUAL SELECTION IS NOT REQUIRED:A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF SPECIES WITH SEXUALLY DIFFERENTIATED DEATH RATES

机译:不需要性选择:具有性差异化死亡率的物种的数学模型

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Under what circumstances is a higher death rate for males an acceptable trait?When, if ever, is a higher death rate for males an advantageous trait? These questions represent the null hypothesis for a variety of auxiliary reasons that have been proposed for the persistence from generation to generation of dichromatism and other forms of sexual dimorphism that appear to disadvantage the male. Assume that two breeding species are in competition for the same resources. The only difference between the two species is that the death rate of the male of one species is higher than the death rate of the female of his species, which in turn is equal to the death rate of the competing species. Assume that the mating system of these species is efficient. That is, a relatively small number of males can impregnate females at a relatively high rate. We develop models demonstrating that the mathematics of mating(without sexual selection), birth,death, and competition are enough to guarantee a range of evolutionary patterns favoring sexual dimorphism that increases male death rates, without recourse to extra mechanisms or assumptions.
机译:在什么情况下是较高的死亡率男性可接受的特质呢?当,如果有的话,是一个更高的死亡率男性有利的特质?这些问题代表了各种已经提出了持久性代代相传两色和其他形式的性征的出现劣势的阳性辅助原因的零假设。假设两个繁殖的物种都在相同的资源竞争。这两个物种之间的唯一区别是,一个物种的男性的死亡率比女性自己种的死亡率,这又等于竞争物种的死亡率较高。假设这些物种交配系统是有效的。也就是说,男性的数量相对较少的可以以相对较高的速度浸渍女性。我们开发的模型表明交配的数学(没有性选择),出生,死亡和竞争都足以保证各种进化模式的有利于两性异形增加男性的死亡率,无追索权的额外机制或假设。

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