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首页> 外文期刊>Memory & cognition >Flying to Neverland: How readers tacitly judge norms during comprehension
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Flying to Neverland: How readers tacitly judge norms during comprehension

机译：飞向梦幻岛：读者在理解过程中如何默认判断规范

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摘要

As readers gain experience with specific narrative worlds, they accumulate information that allows them to experience events as normal or unusual within those worlds. In this article, we contrast two accounts for how readers access information about specific narrative worlds to make tacit judgments of normalcy. We conducted two experiments. In Experiment 1, participants read stories about an ordinary character (e.g., a police officer in Boston) or a familiar fantastic character (e.g., Superman). Each story described a realistic event (e.g., the character being killed by bullets) or a fantastic event (e.g., bullets bouncing off the character's chest). Participants were faster to read events that were consistent with their prior knowledge about the story world. In Experiments 2a and 2b, participants read stories about familiar fantastic characters, unfamiliar fantastic characters (e.g., a Kryptonian named Dev-em), and unfamiliar ordinary characters. In Experiment 2a, participants were equally fast to read about the familiar and unfamiliar fantastic characters experiencing fantastic events, both of which were read faster than the unfamiliar ordinary characters sentences. In Experiment 2b, participants were fastest to read about unfamiliar ordinary characters experiencing realistic events and were equally slow for familiar and unfamiliar fantastic characters. Our experiments provide evidence that readers routinely use inductive reasoning to go beyond their prior knowledge when reading fictional narratives, affecting whether they experience events as normal or unusual.
机译：当读者获得特定叙事世界的经验时，他们会积累信息，使他们能够体验这些世界中正常或不寻常的事件。在本文中，我们对比了两个关于读者如何访问特定叙事世界的信息以做出默认的常态性判断的对比。我们进行了两个实验。在实验1中，参与者阅读有关普通人物（例如，波士顿的警察）或熟悉的奇幻人物（例如，超人）的故事。每个故事都描述了一个现实的事件（例如，角色被子弹杀死）或一个奇妙的事件（例如，子弹从角色的胸部弹跳）。参与者阅读与他们对故事世界的先前知识相一致的事件的速度更快。在实验2a和2b中，参与者阅读了有关熟悉的奇幻人物，不熟悉的奇幻人物（例如，名为Dev-em的K星人）和不熟悉的普通人物的故事。在实验2a中，参与者同样快速地阅读了经历奇妙事件的熟悉和不熟悉的奇幻人物，这两个单词的阅读速度都比不熟悉的普通人物句子要快。在实验2b中，参与者阅读有关经历现实事件的陌生普通人物最快，而对于熟悉和不熟悉的奇妙人物则同样慢。我们的实验提供了证据，表明读者在阅读小说叙事时经常使用归纳推理来超越其先验知识，从而影响他们经历的事件是正常事件还是异常事件。

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