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首页> 外文期刊>Memory & cognition >Evil geniuses: Inferences derived from evidence and preferences
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Evil geniuses: Inferences derived from evidence and preferences

机译：邪恶的天才：从证据和偏好中得出的推论

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摘要

Readers rely on descriptions of characters to generate expectations for future story events. However, readers also have preferences for how they want those events to unfold. Often, what texts imply about how characters will behave and what readers want characters to do converge on similar story events and narrative descriptions. But what are the processing consequences when expectations and preferences suggest competing possibilities? In three experiments, we explored this question utilizing short narrative texts. Each text included information designed to establish positive, negative, or neutral preferences toward characters, as well as behavioral descriptions that supported particular positive or negative character traits. In Experiments 1 and 2, when the valences of reader preferences and implied traits matched, participants over- whelmingly judged characters as likely to possess those traits. With mismatches, though, those judged likelihoods decreased in systematic ways. In Experiment 3, we observed that matches between preferences and implied traits also influenced reading times for story outcomes. These results outline how the inferences that guide narrative comprehension are influenced both by the descriptions that authors provide about characters and events, as well as by the emerging desires that readers develop for those characters and events.
机译：读者依靠角色的描述来产生对未来故事事件的期望。但是，读者也对他们希望这些事件如何发生有偏爱。通常，什么文字暗示着人物的行为方式以及读者希望人物表现什么，这些都融合在类似的故事事件和叙事描述上。但是，当期望和偏好提示竞争可能性时，处理结果如何？在三个实验中，我们利用简短的叙述性文字探讨了这个问题。每个文本都包含旨在建立积极，消极或中立的角色偏好的信息，以及支持特定积极或消极角色特征的行为描述。在实验1和2中，当读者的偏好和隐含特质的价位相匹配时，参与者大都认为这些特征很可能具有这些特质。但是，由于不匹配，那些判断的可能性会以系统的方式降低。在实验3中，我们观察到偏好和隐含特质之间的匹配也会影响故事结局的阅读时间。这些结果概述了指导叙事理解的推理如何受到作者对人物和事件的描述以及读者对这些人物和事件发展的新愿望的影响。

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