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首页> 外文期刊>Memory & cognition >Increased sensitivity to differentially diagnostic answers using familiar materials: Implications for confirmation bias
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Increased sensitivity to differentially diagnostic answers using familiar materials: Implications for confirmation bias

机译：使用熟悉的材料提高对差异诊断答案的敏感性：对确认偏倚的影响

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摘要

Researchers have recently pointed out that neither biased testing nor biased evaluation of hypotheses necessitates confirmation bias-defined here as systematic overconfidence in a focal hypothesis - but certain testing/evaluation combinations do. One such combination is (1) a tendency to ask about features that are either very likely or very unlikely under the focal hypothesis (extremity bias) and (2) a tendency to treat confirming and disconfirming answers as more similar in terms of their diagnosticity (or informativeness) than they really are. However, in previous research showing the second tendency, materials that are highly abstract and unfamiliar have been used. Two experiments demonstrated that using familiar materials led participants to distinguish much better between the differential diagnosticity of confirming and disconfirming answers. The conditions under which confirmation bias is a serious concern might be quite limited.
机译：研究人员最近指出，假设的偏倚检验和偏倚评估都不需要确认偏倚，在这里定义为焦点假设中的系统过度自信-但是某些检验/评估组合确实如此。一种这样的组合是（1）倾向于询问在焦点假设（极端偏见）下非常可能或非常不可能的特征，以及（2）在诊断方面将确认和否定答案视为更相似的趋势（或信息性）。然而，在先前显示第二趋势的研究中，已经使用了高度抽象和不熟悉的材料。两项实验表明，使用熟悉的材料可以使参与者更好地区分确认答案和不确认答案的差异性。确认偏差严重引起关注的条件可能非常有限。

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