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Recent study, but not retrieval, of knowledge protects against learning errors

机译：最近的研究（而非检索）可以防止学习错误

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摘要

Surprisingly, people incorporate errors into their knowledge bases even when they have the correct knowledge stored in memory (e.g., Fazio, Barber, Rajaram, Ornstein, & Marsh, 2013). We examined whether heightening the accessibility of correct knowledge would protect people from later reproducing misleading information that they encountered in fictional stories. In Experiment 1, participants studied a series of target general knowledge questions and their correct answers either a few minutes (high accessibility of knowledge) or 1 week (low accessibility of knowledge) before exposure to misleading story references. In Experiments 2a and 2b, participants instead retrieved the answers to the target general knowledge questions either a few minutes or 1 week before the rest of the experiment. Reading the relevant knowledge directly before the story-reading phase protected against reproduction of the misleading story answers on a later general knowledge test, but retrieving that same correct information did not. Retrieving stored knowledge from memory might actually enhance the encoding of relevant misinformation.
机译：令人惊讶的是，即使人们将正确的知识存储在内存中，人们也会将错误纳入他们的知识库中（例如Fazio，Barber，Rajaram，Ornstein和Marsh，2013）。我们研究了提高正确知识的可访问性是否可以保护人们免于以后重现他们在虚构故事中遇到的误导性信息。在实验1中，参与者在接触误导性故事参考之前的几分钟（知识的可访问性）或一星期（知识的可访问性低）中研究了一系列目标通用知识问题及其正确答案。在实验2a和2b中，参与者在其余实验之前的几分钟或1周内检索了目标常识性问题的答案。在故事阅读阶段之前直接阅读相关知识可以防止在以后的一般知识测试中复制误导性故事的答案，但是检索相同的正确信息却没有。从内存中检索存储的知识可能实际上会增强相关错误信息的编码。

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