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Asymmetries in categorization, perceptual discrimination, and visual search for reference and nonreference exemplars

机译：分类，感知歧视和视觉搜索参考和非参考样本的不对称

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摘要

In two experiments, we examined the representation, treatment, and attention devoted to the members of reference (i.e., club members) and nonreference (i.e., not club members) categories. Consistent with prior work on category interrelatedness (e.g., Goldstone, 1996; Goldstone, Steyvers, & Rogosky, 2003), the findings reveal the existence of asymmetric representations for reference and nonreference categories, which, however, decreased as expertise and familiarity with the categories increased (Experiments 1 and 2). Participants also more readily judged two reference exemplars as being the same dim they did two nonreference exemplars (Experiment 1) and were better at detecting reference than nonreference exemplars in a set of novel, category-unspecified exemplars (Experiment 2). These findings provide evidence for the existence of a feature asymmetry in the representation and treatment of exemplars from reference and nonreference categories. Membership in a reference category acts as a salient feature, thereby increasing the perceived similarity and detection of faces that belong in the reference, in comparison with the nonreference, category.
机译：在两个实验中，我们检查了对参考会员（即俱乐部会员）和非参考会员（即非俱乐部会员）类别的代表，治疗和关注。与先前关于类别关联性的工作一致（例如，Goldstone，1996; Goldstone，Steyvers和Rogosky，2003），研究结果表明参考和非参考类别存在不对称表示，但是由于专业知识和对类别的熟悉而减少了增加（实验1和2）。参与者还更容易地将两个参考样例判断为与做两个非参考样例相同的暗淡程度（实验1），并且在一组新颖的，未指定类别的样例中（非实验样例2），比非参考样例更擅长检测参考。这些发现为在参考和非参考类别的示例表示和治疗中存在特征不对称提供了证据。与非参考类别相比，参考类别中的成员身份充当显着特征，从而提高了感知的相似性和对属于参考的面部的检测。

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