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Combating apoptosis and multidrug resistant cancers by targeting lysosomes

机译:通过靶向溶酶体来对抗细胞凋亡和多药耐药性癌症

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摘要

Acquired therapy resistance is one of the prime obstacles for successful cancer treatment. Partial resistance is often acquired already during an early face of tumor development when genetic changes causing defects in classical caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway provide transformed cells with a growth advantage by protecting them against various apoptosis inducing stimuli including transforming oncogenes themselves and host immune system. Apoptosis defective cells are further selected during tumor progression and finally by apoptosis inducing treatments. Another form of resistance, multidrug resistance, arises during cancer treatment when cancer cells with effective efflux of cytotoxic agents escape the therapy. Remarkably, induction of lysosomal membrane permeabilization has recently emerged as an effective way to kill apoptosis resistant cancer cells and some lysosome targeting drugs can also re-sensitize multidrug resistant cells to classical chemotherapy. In this review, we highlight recent data on lysosomal cell death pathways and their implications for the future treatment of apoptosis defective and multidrug resistant aggressive tumors.
机译:获得的治疗抗性是成功治疗癌症的主要障碍之一。当在经典的胱天蛋白酶依赖性凋亡途径中引起缺陷的遗传变化通过保护它们免受各种凋亡诱导物(包括转化癌基因本身和宿主免疫系统)的刺激,从而为转化细胞提供生长优势时,通常已经在肿瘤发展的早期阶段获得了部分抗性。在肿瘤进展期间并最终通过凋亡诱导治疗进一步选择凋亡缺陷的细胞。耐药性的另一种形式是多药耐药性,发生在具有有效细胞毒性剂外流的癌细胞逃脱治疗的癌症治疗期间。引人注目的是,最近溶酶体膜通透性的诱导已成为杀死凋亡抗性癌细胞的有效方法,一些靶向溶酶体的药物也可使多药抗性细胞对经典化疗重新敏感。在这篇综述中,我们重点介绍了溶酶体细胞死亡途径的最新数据及其对凋亡缺陷型和多药耐药性侵袭性肿瘤的未来治疗的意义。

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