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Micro- and nanobiosensors--state of the art and trends

机译：微米和纳米生物传感器-最新技术和趋势

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Recent progress in microsystem technologies for creating small, integrated and reliable microelectronic devices and microtransducers in combination with biological sensing elements has raised the expectation to get a comprehensive insight into dynamic cellular metabolic events and subsequently a complete understanding of the metabolism of human biology. Such micro- and nanobiosensor tools in combination with appropriate microfluidics enable the simultaneous description and moreover monitoring of gene, protein expression and metabolic states in a biosystem. This knowledge will lead to new future therapies and pharmaceutical treatments. Furthermore, with such methods and microdevices a new direct combination of diagnostics and immediately starting therapy can be established which is called theranostic. There are a lot of challenging problems to be overcome to reach this goal: microsystems monitoring of physical parameters in biological systems is well established, whereas chemo-and biosensors are available for only a few parameters and mainly as in vitro devices. Gene arrays entered the research market but are up to now not in clinical practice. Protein arrays are in a developmental state with promising results, but far from a mature reproducible state. For getting insights into metabolic events intra- and extracellularly, some new and promising technologies are under research and will undoubtedly revolutionize systems biology but only in the longer run. As a conclusion, it can be stated that new methods stemming from microelectronics and biological technologies are now entering the world of chemical and biological analytics as well as clinics to offer clinicians new theranostic tools in the future.
机译：用于创建小型，集成且可靠的微电子设备和微传感器以及生物传感元件的微系统技术的最新进展，提高了人们对获得动态细胞代谢事件的全面见解以及对人类生物学代谢的全面理解的期望。这种微和纳米生物传感器工具与适当的微流体技术相结合，可以同时描述和监测生物系统中的基因，蛋白质表达和代谢状态。这些知识将导致新的未来疗法和药物治疗。此外，通过这种方法和微型设备，可以建立诊断方法和立即开始治疗的新的直接组合，称为治疗疗法。要实现此目标，需要克服许多挑战性问题：已经建立了对生物系统中物理参数进行微系统监控的方法，而化学和生物传感器仅适用于少数参数，并且主要用作体外设备。基因阵列进入了研究市场，但是到目前为止还没有临床实践。蛋白质阵列处于发展状态，具有令人鼓舞的结果，但远未达到成熟的可复制状态。为了深入了解细胞内和细胞外的代谢事件，正在研究一些有前途的新技术，这些技术无疑会彻底改变系统生物学，但只有长期才能实现。总之，可以说，微电子和生物技术产生的新方法现在正进入化学和生物分析以及诊所的世界，以在将来为临床医生提供新的治疗方法。

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