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Gene expression and DNA methylation status of chicken primordial germ cells

机译：鸡原始生殖细胞的基因表达和DNA甲基化状态

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摘要

DNA methylation reprograming of primordial germ cells (PGCs) in mammals establishes monoallelic expression of imprinting genes, maintains retrotransposons in an inactive state, inactivates one of the two X chromosomes, and suppresses gene expression. However, the roles of DNA methylation in chickens PGCs are unknown. In this study, we found a 1.5-fold or greater difference in the expression of 261 transcripts when comparing PGCs and chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEFs) using an Affymetrix GeneChip Chicken Genome Array. In addition, we analyzed the methylation patterns of the regions ～5-kb upstream of 261 sorted genes, 51 of which were imprinting homologous loci and 49 of which were X-linked homologous loci in chicken using the MeDIP Array by Roche NimbleGen. Seven hypomethylated and five hypermethylated regions within the 5-kb upstream regions of 261 genes were found in PGCs when compared with CEFs. These differentially methylated regions were restrictively matched to differentially expressed genes in PGCs. We also detected 203 differentially methylated regions within imprinting and X-linked homologous regions between male PGCs and female PGCs. These differentially methylated regions may be directly or indirectly associated with gene expression during early embryonic development, and the epigenetic difference could be evolutionally conserved between mammals and birds.
机译：哺乳动物中原始生殖细胞（PGC）的DNA甲基化重编程可建立印迹基因的单等位基因表达，将逆转座子维持在非活性状态，使两个X染色体之一失活，并抑制基因表达。但是，DNA甲基化在鸡PGC中的作用尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们发现当使用Affymetrix GeneChip鸡基因组阵列比较PGC和鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）时，261个转录本的表达差异是1.5倍或更大。此外，我们使用Roche NimbleGen的MeDIP阵列分析了261个排序基因中〜5kb上游区域的甲基化模式，其中51个是印记同源基因座，49个是X连锁同源基因。与CEF相比，在PGC中发现了261个基因的5-kb上游区域中的七个低甲基化区域和五个高甲基化区域。这些差异甲基化区域被限制性地匹配于PGC中差异表达的基因。我们还检测到男性PGC和女性PGC之间的印迹和X连锁同源区域内的203个差异甲基化区域。这些差异甲基化区域可能与早期胚胎发育过程中的基因表达直接或间接相关，并且表观遗传学差异可以在哺乳动物和鸟类之间进化上保守。

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