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首页> 外文期刊>Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin >THE ROLE OF FOREST LITTERS OF DIFFERENT GENESIS IN THE MIGRATION OF TECHNOGENIC RADIONUCLIDES
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THE ROLE OF FOREST LITTERS OF DIFFERENT GENESIS IN THE MIGRATION OF TECHNOGENIC RADIONUCLIDES

机译：森林起源不同代数在放射性核素迁移中的作用

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Biospheric problems gain in importance daily, which is related not only to the environmental contamination, but also to the active involvement of pollutants in trophic chains. This was assessed in full measure by V. A. Kovda, one of the prominent soilscientists and geochemists of the past century, who significantly contributed to the development of conceptual thought in the field of biospheric studies. On assessing the environmental significance of radioactive elements, he noted that "uranium and various nuclides steadily arrive to the biosphere, although in negligible amounts" [1]. He emphasized that "the contamination of groundwater with chemicals, uranium, and radionuclides causes particular anxiety" [1]. Therefore, the paths of pollutant migration to natural and anthropogenic landscapes still remain a topical problem. Undoubtedly, these paths are largely determined by the functioning of biogeocenoses. A special place is occupied by forest ecosystems, for which the so-called biogenic metamorphization of arriving compounds is most typical. This is completely true for radionuclides from technogenic fallouts. After the first stage, which includes the precipitation of particles on the surface of plants [2-4], the interaction of pollutants with thesoil surface begins. This primary interaction occurs at the level of litters, which largely determine the fate of pollutants. The genetic diversity of litters, their complicated stratigraphy, the wide spectrum of organic compounds, the enrichment with underoxidized compounds, and the high intensity of biological processes determine the uncertain vertical and lateral migration of radionuclides in the whole forest ecosystems. Therefore, the study of the behavior of the main long-living technogenic radionuclides in the litters of forest ecosystems is topical for the European territory of the Russian Federation, which is characterized by the highest radioactive load on the natural environment.
机译：生物圈问题日益重要，这不仅与环境污染有关，而且与营养链中污染物的积极参与有关。这由上个世纪著名的土壤学家和地球化学家之一V. A. Kovda进行了全面评估，他为生物圈研究领域的概念性思维的发展做出了重要贡献。在评估放射性元素对环境的重要性时，他指出“铀和各种核素稳定地到达生物圈，尽管数量可忽略不计” [1]。他强调说“地下水被化学物质，铀和放射性核素污染会引起特别的焦虑” [1]。因此，污染物向自然和人为景观迁移的途径仍然是一个热门问题。毫无疑问，这些途径很大程度上取决于生物大分子核酸酶的功能。森林生态系统占据了一个特殊的地方，最典型的是到达的化合物的所谓生物变质。对于来自放射性尘埃的放射性核素而言，这是完全正确的。在第一阶段（包括植物表面上的颗粒沉淀）[2-4]之后，污染物与土壤表面的相互作用开始。这种主要的相互作用发生在垫料的水平上，而垫料在很大程度上决定了污染物的命运。凋落物的遗传多样性，复杂的地层，有机化合物的广谱性，欠氧化化合物的富集以及高强度的生物过程决定了整个森林生态系统中放射性核素的垂直和横向迁移的不确定性。因此，对森林生态系统凋落物中主要的长寿命技术放射性核素的行为进行研究是俄罗斯联邦欧洲领土的主题，其特征是自然环境中的放射性负荷最高。

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