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Asian origin and rapid global spread of the destructive dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans

机译：破坏性干腐真菌Serpula lacrymans的亚洲起源和全球快速传播

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摘要

The dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans (Basidiomycota) is the most damaging destroyer of wood construction materials in temperate regions. While being a widespread aggressive indoor biodeterioration agent, it is only found in a few natural environments. The geographical source of spread and colonization by this fungus in human environments is thus somewhat of an enigma. Employing genetic markers (amplified fragment length polymorphisms, DNA sequences and microsatellites) on a worldwide sample of specimens, we show that the dry rot fungus is divided into two main lineages; one nonaggressive residing naturally in North America and Asia (var. shastensis), and another aggressive lineage including specimens from all continents, both from natural environments and buildings (var. lacrymans). Our genetic analyses indicate that the two lineages represent well-differentiated cryptic species. Genetic analyses pinpoint mainland Asia as the origin of the aggressive form var. lacrymans. A few aggressive genotypes have migrated worldwide from Asia to Europe, North and South America and Oceania followed by local population expansions. The very low genetic variation in the founder populations indicate that they have established through recent founder events, for example by infected wood materials transported over land or sea. A separate colonization has happened from mainland Asia to Japan. Our data also indicate that independent immigration events have happened to Oceania from different continents followed by admixture.
机译：干腐真菌Serpula lacrymans（Basidiomycota）是温带地区破坏性最大的木材建筑材料。尽管它是一种广泛的侵蚀性室内生物恶化剂，但仅在少数自然环境中才发现。因此，这种真菌在人类环境中传播和定殖的地理来源有些令人困惑。在世界范围的标本样本上使用遗传标记（扩增的片段长度多态性，DNA序列和微卫星），我们证明了干腐真菌分为两个主要谱系;一个非侵略性自然居住在北美和亚洲（var。shastensis），另一个侵略性血统包括来自各大洲的标本，均来自自然环境和建筑物（var。lacrymans）。我们的遗传分析表明，这两个谱系代表分化良好的隐性物种。遗传分析将亚洲大陆确定为侵略性形式变种的起源。 lacrymans。一些侵略性基因型已从亚洲迁移到欧洲，北美洲，南美洲和大洋洲，随后本地人口激增。奠基者群体的遗传变异非常低，表明它们是通过最近的奠基者事件而建立的，例如通过陆上或海上运输的受感染木料。从亚洲大陆到日本发生了另外的殖民化。我们的数据还表明，来自不同大陆的大洋洲发生了独立的移民事件，随后发生了混杂现象。

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