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首页> 外文期刊>Molecular ecology >Phylogeography of the Percichthyidae (Pisces) in Patagonia: roles of orogeny, glaciation, and volcanism
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Phylogeography of the Percichthyidae (Pisces) in Patagonia: roles of orogeny, glaciation, and volcanism

机译：巴塔哥尼亚柏尾科（双鱼座）的植物志：造山作用，冰川作用和火山作用

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We used molecular evidence to examine the roles that vicariance mechanisms (mountain-building and drainage changes during the Pleistocene) have played in producing phylogeographical structure within and among South American fish species of the temperate perch family Percichthyidae. The percichthyids include two South American genera, Percichthys and Percilia, each containing several species, all of which are endemic to southern Argentina and Chile (Patagonia). Maximum-likelihood phylogenies constructed using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region haplotypes and nuclear GnRH3-2 intron allele sequences support the current taxonomy at the genus level (both Percichthys and Percilia form strongly supported, monophyletic clades) but indicate that species-level designations need revision. Phylogeographical patterns at the mtDNA support the hypothesis that the Andes have been a major barrier to gene flow. Most species diversity occurs in watersheds to the west of the Andes, together with some ancient divergences among conspecific populations. In contrast, only one species (Percichthys trucha) is found east of the Andes, and little to no phylogeographical structure occurs among populations in this region. Mismatch analyses of mtDNA sequences suggest that eastern populations last went through a major bottleneck c. 188 000 BP, a date consistent with the onset of the penultimate and largest Pleistocene glaciation in Patagonia. We suggest that eastern populations have undergone repeated founder-flush events as a consequence of glacial cycles, and that the shallow phylogeny is due to mixing during recolonization periods. The area of greater diversity west of the Andes lies outside the northern limit of the glaciers. mtDNA mismatch analysis of the genus Percilia which is restricted to this area suggests a long-established population at equilibrium. We conclude that patterns of genetic diversity in these South American genera have been primarily influenced by barriers to gene flow (Andean orogeny, and to a lesser extent, isolation in river drainages), and by glacial cycles, which have resulted in population contraction, re-arrangement of some watersheds, and the temporary breakdown of dispersal barriers among eastern river systems.
机译：我们使用分子证据检查了变异机制（更新世期间的山体构造和排水系统变化）在温带鲈科Percichthyidae南美鱼类内部及其之间的植物地理结构中所发挥的作用。 percichthyids包括两个南美属，Percichthys和Percilia，每一个都包含数个物种，它们都是阿根廷南部和智利（巴塔哥尼亚）的特有物种。使用线粒体DNA（mtDNA）控制区单倍型和核GnRH3-2内含子等位基因序列构建的最大似然系统树支持当前属类的分类学（Percichthys和Percilia均形成有力支持的单系进化枝），但表明需要在物种级别指定修订。 mtDNA的系统谱模式支持以下假设：安第斯山脉是基因流动的主要障碍。大多数物种多样性都发生在安第斯山脉西部的流域，以及特定种群之间的一些古老差异。相反，在安第斯山脉以东仅发现一种物种（Percichthys trucha），该区域的种群之间几乎没有系统地理结构。 mtDNA序列的不匹配分析表明，东部人群最后经历了一个主要瓶颈c。 188 000 BP，这个日期与巴塔哥尼亚的倒数第二次最大的更新世冰期开始。我们建议东部人口由于冰川周期而经历了多次反复的方兴未艾事件，并且浅层系统发育是由于在重新定殖期间发生了混合。安第斯山脉以西的多样性更大的地区位于冰川的北边界之外。 Percilia属的mtDNA错配分析仅限于该区域，表明长期存在的种群处于平衡状态。我们得出的结论是，这些南美属的遗传多样性模式主要受到基因流动的障碍（安第斯造山运动，在较小程度上是河流排水隔离）和冰川周期的影响，这导致了人口的收缩， -一些流域的布置，以及东部河流系统之间的分散障碍的暂时破坏。

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