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首页> 外文期刊>Molecular ecology >Molecular mechanisms of tolerance to cyanobacterial protease inhibitors revealed by clonal differences in Daphnia magna
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Molecular mechanisms of tolerance to cyanobacterial protease inhibitors revealed by clonal differences in Daphnia magna

机译：大型蚤（Daphnia magna）的克隆差异揭示了对蓝细菌蛋白酶抑制剂的耐受性的分子机制

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摘要

Protease inhibitors of primary producers are a major food quality constraint for herbivores. In nutrient-rich freshwater ecosystems, the interaction between primary producers and herbivores is mainly represented by Daphnia and cyanobacteria. Protease inhibitors have been found in many cyanobacterial blooms. These inhibitors have been shown (both in vitro and in situ) to inhibit the most important group of digestive proteases in the daphnid's gut, that is, trypsins and chymotrypsins. In this study, we fed four different Daphnia magna genotypes with the trypsin-inhibitor-containing cyanobacterial strain Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 Mut. Upon exposure to dietary trypsin inhibitors, all D. magna genotypes showed increased gene expression of digestive trypsins and chymotrypsins. Exposure to dietary trypsin inhibitors resulted in increased activity of chymotrypsins and reduced activity of trypsin. Strong intraspecific differences in tolerance of the four D. magna genotypes to the dietary trypsin inhibitors were found. The degree of tolerance depended on the D. magna genotype. The genotypes' tolerance was positively correlated with the residual trypsin activity and the different IC _(50) values of the trypsins. On the genetic level, the different trypsin loci varied between the D. magna genotypes. The two tolerant Daphnia genotypes that both originate from the same lake, which frequently produces cyanobacterial blooms, clustered in a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on the three trypsin loci. This suggests that the genetic variability of trypsin loci was an important cause for the observed intraspecific variability in tolerance to cyanobacterial trypsin inhibitors. Based on these findings, it is reasonable to assume that such genetic variability can also be found in natural populations and thus constitutes the basis for local adaptation of natural populations to dietary protease inhibitors.
机译：初级生产者的蛋白酶抑制剂是草食动物的主要食品质量限制。在营养丰富的淡水生态系统中，主要生产者与食草动物之间的相互作用主要表现为水蚤和蓝细菌。蛋白酶抑制剂已发现在许多蓝细菌花。这些抑制剂（体外和原位）已显示出抑制达芙妮肠道中最重要的一组消化蛋白酶，即胰蛋白酶和胰凝乳蛋白酶。在这项研究中，我们用含有胰蛋白酶抑制剂的蓝细菌菌株铜绿微囊藻PCC 7806 Mut喂养了四种不同的水蚤（Daphnia magna）基因型。暴露于膳食胰蛋白酶抑制剂后，所有D. magna基因型均显示出消化胰蛋白酶和胰凝乳蛋白酶的基因表达增加。暴露于饮食中的胰蛋白酶抑制剂导致胰凝乳蛋白酶活性增加和胰蛋白酶活性降低。发现了四种D. magna基因型对饮食胰蛋白酶抑制剂的耐受性存在强烈的种内差异。耐受程度取决于D. magna基因型。基因型的耐受性与残留的胰蛋白酶活性和胰蛋白酶的不同IC_（50）值呈正相关。在遗传水平上，不同的胰蛋白酶基因座在D. magna基因型之间有所不同。两种耐受的水蚤基因型均来自同一个湖，该湖经常产生蓝细菌的花，并聚集在基于三个胰蛋白酶基因座的邻域系统发育树中。这表明胰蛋白酶基因座的遗传变异性是观察到的对蓝细菌胰蛋白酶抑制剂耐受性的种内变异性的重要原因。基于这些发现，可以合理地假设在自然种群中也可以发现这种遗传变异性，因此构成了自然种群对饮食蛋白酶抑制剂的局部适应的基础。

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