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首页> 外文期刊>Molecular phylogenetics and evolution >Comparative phylogeography of two endemic birds of the Tibetan plateau, the white-rumped snow finch (Onychostruthus taczanowskii) and the Hume's ground tit (Pseudopodoces humilis)
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Comparative phylogeography of two endemic birds of the Tibetan plateau, the white-rumped snow finch (Onychostruthus taczanowskii) and the Hume's ground tit (Pseudopodoces humilis)

机译：青藏高原的两只特有鸟类，白腰雀科（Onychostruthus taczanowskii）和休姆氏山雀（Pseudopodoces humilis）的比较系统地理学

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摘要

Postglacial colonization has created the main phylogeographical structures in the endemic species of the Tibetan plateau; however, patterns of diversification are species idiosyncratic and indicative of variations in geographic divergence. Here we compare the phylogeographical structures of two endemic birds of the Tibetan plateau, the white-rumped snow finch (Onychostruthus taczanowskii) and the Hume's ground tit (Pseudopodoces humilis), both of which are commonly associated with alpine meadow habitats. Our results suggested that these two species experienced rapid population expansion at times estimated as 0.05-0.16 million years ago (Ma). These expansion periods were congruent with the retreat of the last extensive glacial period (0.5-0.175 Ma). Whereas O. taczanowskii populations were derived from a single more widely distributed refugium that existed along the east margin of the Tibetan plateau, P. humilis expanded from independent refugia that were located within both the northeast and southeast margin of the Tibetan plateau. While both birds experienced similar colonization events, their phylogeographical structures are quite contrasting. No trace of geographical divergence is found in O. taczanowskii, suggesting that considerable gene flow occurred after the postglacial colonization. In contrast, a geographic separation can be detected between two refugia populations of P. humilis, specifically the higher altitude platform and lower altitude edge regional groups. The gene flow between these two regions is restricted (M = 0.43). We estimate the divergence time as approximately 0.361 Ma, dating to the extensive glacial period. Potential explanations for the different phylogeographical structures of these two sympatric birds may include variance in dispersal ability, altitude specific and independent or semicontinuous refugia. While a combination of high flight ability and semicontinuous refugium may have promoted gene flow in O. taczanowskii populations, weak dispersal coupled with separated refugia may have sufficiently isolated populations such to facilitate genetic divergence in P. humilis.
机译：冰川后的殖民化在青藏高原的特有物种中创造了主要的地理学结构。然而，多样化的模式是物种特有的，并表明了地理差异的变化。在这里，我们比较了青藏高原的两种特有鸟类的鸟类学结构，即白色腰果雀科（Onychostruthus taczanowskii）和休姆氏山雀（Pseudopodoces humilis），这两种鸟类通常与高山草甸生境有关。我们的研究结果表明，这两个物种的种群数量迅速增加，估计在0.05到16万年前（Ma）。这些扩张期与最后一个广泛的冰川期（0.5-0.175 Ma）的退缩是一致的。 taczanowskii种群来自青藏高原东缘的单个分布较广的避难所，而h。olislis则由位于青藏高原东北缘和东南缘的独立避难所扩展而成。虽然两只鸟都经历过类似的定植事件，但它们的系统地理结构却截然相反。 taczanowskii中没有发现地理差异的痕迹，这表明在冰期后定植之后发生了相当大的基因流动。相比之下，可以检测到两个腐植假单胞菌种群之间的地理隔离，特别是高海拔平台和低海拔边缘区域组。这两个区域之间的基因流动受到限制（M = 0.43）。我们估计发散时间约为0.361 Ma，可追溯到广泛的冰川期。这两只同伴鸟类的不同地理结构的潜在解释可能包括分散能力的差异，特定高度和独立或半连续的避难所。尽管高飞行能力和半连续避难所的组合可能促进了塔卡氏螺菌种群中的基因流动，但弱散布加上分离的避难所可能具有足够孤立的种群，从而有利于H. humilis的遗传差异。

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