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首页> 外文期刊>Molecular phylogenetics and evolution >Understanding the biogeography of a group of earthworms in the Mediterranean basin-The phylogenetic puzzle of Hormogastridae (Clitellata: Oligochaeta)
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Understanding the biogeography of a group of earthworms in the Mediterranean basin-The phylogenetic puzzle of Hormogastridae (Clitellata: Oligochaeta)

机译：了解地中海盆地一群group的生物地理学-Hormogastridae（Clitellata：Oligochaeta）的系统发育难题

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摘要

Traditional earthworm taxonomy is hindered due to their anatomical simplicity and the plasticity of the characteristics often used for diagnosing species. Making phylogenetic inferences based on these characters is more than difficult. In this study we use molecular tools to unravel the phylogeny of the clitellate family Hormogastridae. The family includes species of large to mid-sized earthworms distributed almost exclusively in the western Mediterranean region where they play an important ecological role. We analyzed individuals from 46 locations spanning the Iberian Peninsula to Corsica and Sardinia, representing the four described genera in the family and 20 species. Molecular markers include mitochondrial regions of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI), 16S rRNA and tRNAs for Leu, Ala, and Ser, two nuclear ribosomal genes (nearly complete 18S rRNA and a fragment of 28S rRNA) and two nuclear protein-encoding genes (histones H3 and H4). Analyses of the data using different approaches corroborates monophyly of Hormogastridae, but the genus Hormogaster is paraphyletic and Hormogaster pretiosa appears polyphyletic, stressing the need for taxonomic revisionary work in the family. The genus Vignysa could represent an early offshoot in the family, although the relationships with other genera are uncertain. The genus Hemigastrodrilus is related to the Hormogaster elisae complex and both are found in the Atlantic drainage of the Iberian Peninsula and France. From a biogeographic perspective Corsica and Sardinia include members of two separate hormogastrid lineages. The species located in Corsica and Northern Sardinia are related to Vignysa, whereas Hormogaster pretiosa pretiosa, from Southern Sardinia, is closely related to the Hormogaster species from the NE Iberian Peninsula. A molecular dating of the tree using the separation of the Sardinian microplate as a calibration point (at 33. MY) and assuming a model of vicariance indicates that the diversification of Hormogastridae may be ancient, ranging from 97 to 67. Ma.
机译：传统earth分类法由于其解剖结构简单以及通常用于诊断物种的特征的可塑性而受到阻碍。根据这些特征进行系统发育的推断非常困难。在这项研究中，我们使用分子工具阐明了钟形科Hormogastridae的系统发育。该科包括几乎仅分布在地中海西部地区的大中型species，它们在其中起着重要的生态作用。我们分析了从伊比利亚半岛到科西嘉岛和撒丁岛的46个地点的个体，这些个体代表了该科中的四个属和20个物种。分子标记包括细胞色素C氧化酶亚基I基因（COI）的线粒体区域，Leu，Ala和Ser的16S rRNA和tRNA，两个核糖体基因（几乎完整的18S rRNA和28S rRNA片段）和两个核蛋白-编码基因（组蛋白H3和H4）。使用不同方法对数据进行分析，证实了Hormogastridae的单义性，但是Hormogaster属是副生的，而Hormogaster pretiosa则是多生的，从而强调了家庭中进行分类学修订工作的必要性。尽管与其他属的关系不确定，但Vignysa属可能代表该家庭的早期分支。 Hemigastrodrilus属与Hormogaster elisae复合体有关，两者都在伊比利亚半岛和法国的大西洋流域中发现。从生物地理的角度来看，科西嘉和撒丁岛包括两个不同的Horgastrid血统的成员。位于科西嘉岛和北撒丁岛的物种与Vignysa有关，而来自南撒丁岛的Hormogaster pretiosa pretiosa与来自东北伊比利亚半岛的Hormogaster物种密切相关。使用撒丁岛微孔板的分离作为标定点（在33.MY）并假设一个变异模型对树进行了分子测年，表明Hormogastridae的多样性可能很古老，范围从97到67。Ma。

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