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首页> 外文期刊>Molecular phylogenetics and evolution >Phylogeny, biogeography, and display evolution in the tree and brush lizard genus Urosaurus (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae)
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Phylogeny, biogeography, and display evolution in the tree and brush lizard genus Urosaurus (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae)

机译：系统发育，生物地理学以及在树和灌木蜥蜴属Urosaurus（鳞茎：Phrynosomatidae）中的进化表现

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摘要

The brush and tree lizards (Urosaurus) are a small clade of phrynosomatid lizards native to western North America. Though not as well known as their diverse sister clade, the spiny lizards (Sceloporus), some Urosaurus have nonetheless become model organisms in integrative biology. In particular, dramatic phenotypic and behavioral differences associated with specific mating strategies have been exploited to address a range of ecological and evolutionary questions. However, only two phylogenies have been proposed for the group, one of which is pre-cladistic and both based principally on morphological characters that might not provide robust support for relationships within the group. To help provide investigators working on Urosaurus with a robust phylogeny in which to frame ecological and evolutionary questions, we establish a molecular phylogeny for the group. We sampled three mitochondrial and three nuclear loci, and estimated phylogenetic relationships within Urosaurus using both maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian inference (BI), as well as a coalescent-based species tree approach. Finally, we used two methods of ancestral state reconstruction (ASR) to gain insight into the evolution of microhabitat preference and male display signals, traits that have been the focus of studies on Urosaurus. All reconstruction methods yield nearly the same ingroup topology that is concordant in most respects with the previous cladistic analysis of the group but with some significant differences; our data suggest the primary divergence in Urosaurus occurs between a clade endemic to the Pacific versant of Mexico and the lineages of Baja California and the southwestern US, rather than placing Urosaurus graciosus as the basal taxon and linking the Baja and Mexican endemics. We find support for a single transition to a saxicolous lifestyle within the group, and either the independent gain or loss of arboreality. The evolution of throat color patterns (i.e. dewlaps) appears complex, with multiple color morphs likely involving orange reconstructed as ancestral to the group and to most lineages, followed by a single transition to a fixed blue-throated morph in one clade. These results should provide a useful framework for additional comparative work with Urosaurus, and establish the phylogenetic context in which Urosaurus diversity arose.
机译：灌木丛和树蜥蜴（Urosaurus）是一小类由北美洲西部生来的比索蜥蜴。尽管不像其多样化的姊妹进化枝多刺的蜥蜴（Sceloporus）那样出名，但一些Urosaurus却已成为整合生物学中的模型生物。特别是，已经利用与特定交配策略相关的显着表型和行为差异来解决一系列生态和进化问题。但是，仅针对该组提出了两个系统发育史，其中一个是系统进化论，两者均主要基于可能无法为该组中的关系提供有力支持的形态特征。为了帮助为在乌龙上的研究者提供系统的生态系统和进化问题的稳健的系统发育史，我们为该小组建立了分子系统发育史。我们对三个线粒体和三个核基因座进行了采样，并使用最大简约度（MP）和贝叶斯推断（BI）以及基于聚结的物种树方法估计了翼龙内的系统发生关系。最后，我们使用祖先状态重建（ASR）的两种方法来深入了解微栖息地偏好和雄性展示信号的演变，这些特征一直是关于短龙的研究重点。所有重建方法产生的组内拓扑几乎相同，在大多数方面与该组以前的分类分析一致，但有一些显着差异。我们的数据表明，乌拉龙的主要分歧发生在墨西哥太平洋地区特有的进化枝与南下加利福尼亚州和美国西南部的血统之间，而不是将乌拉龙作为基类，并将巴哈和墨西哥特有种联系起来。我们发现，该群体中的人可以单身过渡到过瘾的生活方式，也可以独立获得或丧失套利性。喉咙颜色模式（即露珠）的演变似乎很复杂，可能有多种颜色变体，其中橙色被重构为该群体和大多数血统的祖先，然后在一个进化枝中一次过渡到固定的蓝喉变体。这些结果应该为与乌龙的其他比较工作提供有用的框架，并建立乌龙多样性发生的系统发育背景。

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