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首页> 外文期刊>Mutagenesis >No short-term cytogenetic consequences of Hungarian red mud catastrophe
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No short-term cytogenetic consequences of Hungarian red mud catastrophe

机译：匈牙利红泥灾难没有短期细胞遗传学后果

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摘要

Red mud is an industrial waste produced in the process of alumina extraction from bauxite with concentrated NaOH. When the red mud-containing reservoir collapsed in Ajka Alumina Plant Hungary in October 2010, the most serious immediate effects were caused by the high alkalinity (pH ≥13) of the flood. Many persons suffered burn-like damage to tissues and contact with caustic desiccated ultra-fine dust with traces of toxic metals also caused irritation of upper respiratory tract and eyes. This catastrophe was unique from the point of view of genotoxic effects as well. Therefore cytogenetic examinations were carried out on inhabitants, either with burns (17 persons) or on those inhaling desiccated caustic dust (42 persons). Chromosomal aberration (CA) analysis and bleomycin (BLM)-sensitivity assays, as possible markers of effects, were studied in peripheral blood lymphocytes of persons within 4-6 weeks following the catastrophe. Controls were matched for age, sex and smoking habits, and also places of residence with different constituents of air pollution either from rural (59 persons), or from urban environments (59 persons). Neither spontaneous rate of CAs (1.47% vs. 1.69%) nor BLM-induced in vitro chromosomal breakage (0.79 vs. 0.83 break/cell) showed elevated rates when cytogenetic biomarkers of genotoxicity were compared between controls and exposed persons. Time spent in cleaning did not affect cytogenetic changes either (R2 = 0.04). BLM-induced mutagen sensitivity was similar in exposed and control persons (27.1% vs. 30.5%). It seems that the red mud exposure does not appear to pose an immediate genotoxic hazard on residents when measured with cytogenetic methods. We recommend, however, that those involved in clean-up activities should be followed closely not only for overall health, but also for further genotoxic risk assessment, because the long-term hazards of ultra-fine fugitive dust particles with alkalinity of residual NaOH in red mud are still unknown.
机译：赤泥是在用浓NaOH从铝土矿中提取氧化铝过程中产生的工业废物。 2010年10月，匈牙利Ajka氧化铝厂的含红色泥浆的储层坍塌时，最严重的即时影响是洪水的高碱度（pH≥13）。许多人的组织遭受了类似烧伤的伤害，并与腐蚀性干燥的超细粉尘接触，并伴有微量有毒金属，还刺激了上呼吸道和眼睛。从遗传毒性作用的角度来看，这种灾难也是独特的。因此，对有烧伤的居民（17人）或吸入干燥的苛性粉尘的居民（42人）进行了细胞遗传学检查。在灾难发生后的4-6周内，对人的外周血淋巴细胞进行了染色体畸变（CA）分析和博来霉素（BLM）敏感性测定，作为可能的作用指标。根据年龄，性别和吸烟习惯，以及来自农村（59人）或城市环境（59人）的不同空气污染成分的居住地，对对照组进行匹配。当比较对照组和暴露人群的遗传毒性细胞遗传学生物标志物时，CAs的自发率（1.47％对1.69％）和BLM诱导的体外染色体断裂（0.79对0.83断裂/细胞）均未显示出升高的率。花在清洁上的时间也不会影响细胞遗传学变化（R2 = 0.04）。 BLM引起的诱变敏感性在接触者和对照组中相似（27.1％对30.5％）。用细胞遗传学方法测量时，赤泥暴露似乎并未对居民构成直接的遗传毒性危害。但是，我们建议应密切关注那些从事清洁活动的人员，不仅为了整体健康，而且还应进一步进行遗传毒性风险评估，因为超细短效粉尘颗粒对水中残留的NaOH的碱度具有长期危害。红泥仍是未知数。

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