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首页> 外文期刊>Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology >Male and female strategies during intergroup encounters in guerezas(Colobus guereza): evidence for resource defense mediated through malesand a comparison with other primates
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Male and female strategies during intergroup encounters in guerezas(Colobus guereza): evidence for resource defense mediated through malesand a comparison with other primates

机译：guerezas（Colobus guereza）的群体间相遇中的男性和女性策略：通过男性介导的资源防御的证据以及与其他灵长类动物的比较

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Although socioecological theory predicts that differences in male and female parental investment will be reflected in their behavior during intergroup encounters, the strategies actually pursued by adults of each sex during intergroup encounters remain poorly known for most primate species. Over an 11-month period, I examined the functions of adult male and female participation in intergroup aggression in five groups of eastern black-and-white colobus monkeys, or guerezas (Colobus guereza), in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya. Guerezas are large-bodied arboreal African colobine monkeys that usually live in one-male multifemale groups, though multimale multifemale groups are not uncommon. During 174 study days, I observed 136 encounters, most of which were aggressive in nature. I evaluated the hypotheses that through intergroup aggression (1) males were directly defending mates, (2) males were indirectly defending mates by directly defending food resources, (3) males were attempting to attract mates via infanticide, and/or (4) females were defending food resources. I found strong evidence consistent with both the direct male mate defense and indirect male mate defense via resource defense hypotheses, but no evidence consistent with the male mate attraction via infanticide hypothesis. There was little evidence in favor of the female resource defense hypothesis beyond the fact that females occasionally participated in intergroup aggression in four of the five study groups. A review of the most intensive studies of primate intergroup encounters suggests that direct male mate defense may occur in almost all primate species, while female resource defense appears to be most common in species with high levels of female philopatry. The indirect male mate defense via resource defense strategy has rarely been evaluated and may be a more common male strategy than is currently believed. I present a hypothesis that predicts when male primates are expected to defend resources for females in their group.
机译：尽管社会生态学理论预测，在群体间的相遇中，父母双方投资的差异将反映在他们的行为中，但对于大多数灵长类动物来说，男女成人在群体间相遇时实际采取的策略仍然鲜为人知。在11个月的时间里，我研究了成年男性和女性在肯尼亚Kakamega森林中的五组东部黑白疣猴或guerezas（Colobus guereza）参与群体间侵略的功能。游击队是大型的树栖非洲象鼻猴，通常生活在多雄多雌群体中，尽管多雄多雌群体并不少见。在174个学习日中，我观察到136次相遇，其中大多数具有攻击性。我评估了以下假设：通过群体间的侵略（1）男性直接捍卫伴侣;（2）男性通过直接捍卫食物资源间接捍卫伴侣;（3）男性试图通过杀婴来吸引伴侣;和/或（4）雌性捍卫粮食资源。我发现有力的证据通过资源防御假设与直接的男性伴侣防御和间接的男性伴侣防御都一致，但没有证据与通过杀婴假说吸引男性伴侣相一致。除了五个研究组中的四个研究小组中女性偶尔参与群体侵略这一事实外，几乎没有证据支持女性资源防御假说。对灵长类动物群间相遇的最深入研究的回顾表明，几乎所有灵长类动物都可能发生直接的雄性配偶防御，而雌性资源防御似乎在雌性成虫水平较高的物种中最为常见。通过资源防御策略进行的间接男性伴侣防御很少得到评估，并且可能是比目前认为更普遍的男性策略。我提出了一个假设，该假设可以预测何时期望雄性灵长类动物捍卫其群体中女性的资源。

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