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首页> 外文期刊>Behavioral Ecology >Beware of bats, beware of birds: the auditory responses of eared moths to bat and bird predation
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Beware of bats, beware of birds: the auditory responses of eared moths to bat and bird predation

机译：谨防蝙蝠，谨防鸟类：蛾类对蝙蝠和鸟类捕食的听觉反应

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摘要

The allotonic frequency hypothesis (AFH) proposes that the preponderance of moths in the diets of some bats (e.g., Rhinolophidae) is the result of these bats echolocating at allotonic frequencies, that is, outside of the typical hearing range of most moths (ca., 20-60 kHz). The broader hearing range of African moths (5-110 kHz) suggests that their ears may function at frequencies usually considered allotonic. We investigated 1) whether moth ears were functionally audible to the Cape horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus capensis (Rhinolophidae), which forages in dense vegetation and echolocates at 84 kHz, and 2) whether moth auditory sensitivity below 10 kHz allows them to detect the rustling noises made by bird predators as they pursued moths through vegetation. The calls of R. capensis were audible to moths albeit over shorter distances relative to syntonic bats. Shorter detection distances combined with the constrained spaces in the cluttered habitat in which rhinolophids forage give moths both less time and less space within which to react to an attacking bat. Thus, the AFH in combination with habitat offers a better explanation for the preponderance of moths in the diets of rhinolophids than either of them on their own. Moths also responded both neurologically and behaviorally to the rustling sounds made by birds (Cape Bulbul, Pycnonotus capensis) as they pursued moths. We suggest that the high sensitivity of moths to frequencies from 5 to 10 kHz allows them to avoid these avian attacks by using responses that have traditionally been considered solely anti-bat behavior.
机译：等位基因频率假说（AFH）提出，某些蝙蝠（如Rhinoolophidae）饮食中的飞蛾占优势是这些蝙蝠以等张频率回声定位的结果，也就是说，大多数飞蛾的典型听力范围之外（ca. ，20-60 kHz）。非洲蛾的广泛听觉范围（5-110 kHz）表明它们的耳朵可能以通常认为是等位频率的频率运转。我们调查了1）蛾耳在功能上是否可以听到海角马蹄蝙蝠Rhinolophus capensis（Rhinolophidae）的声音，后者在茂密的植被中觅食并在84 kHz处回声定位，以及2）10 kHz以下的蛾听觉灵敏度是否使它们能够检测出沙沙声由鸟类掠食者在植被中追捕飞蛾时制成。尽管相对于共鸣蝙蝠而言距离较短，但蛾类的声音仍能听到。较短的检测距离加上杂乱无章的栖息地中狭窄的空间，犀牛在其中的觅食给飞蛾提供了更少的时间，也减少了它们对攻击蝙蝠做出反应的空间。因此，AFH与栖息地的结合比单独的任何一种都更好地解释了犀牛饮食中的飞蛾。蛾类对鸟类追捕蛾类时发出的沙沙作响的声音在神经学和行为上都做出了反应。我们建议，飞蛾对5到10 kHz频率的高度敏感性使它们可以通过使用传统上被认为仅是反蝙蝠行为的响应来避免这些禽类攻击。

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