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首页> 外文期刊>Mycologia >A systematic, morphological and ecological overview of the Clavariaceae (Agaricales).
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A systematic, morphological and ecological overview of the Clavariaceae (Agaricales).

机译：克拉科（Agaricales）的系统，形态和生态学概述。

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The Clavariaceae is a diverse family of mushroom-forming fungi composed of species that produce simple clubs, coralloid, lamellate-stipitate, hydnoid and resupinate sporocarps. Here we present a systematic and ecological overview of the Clavariaceae based on phylogenetic analysis of sequences of the nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA (nLSU), including nine from type collections. Forty-seven sequences from sporocarps of diverse taxa across the Clavariaceae were merged with 243 environmental sequences from GenBank and analyzed phylogenetically to determine major clades within the family. Four major clades or lineages were recovered: (i) Mucronella, (ii) Ramariopsis-Clavulinopsis, (iii) Hyphodontiella and (iv) Clavaria-Camarophyllopsis-Clavicorona. Clavaria is paraphyletic, within which the lamellate and pileate-stipitate genus Camarophyllopsis is derived and composed of two independent lineages. The monotypic genus Clavicorona also appears nested within Clavaria. The monophyly of Clavaria and Camarophyllopsis, however, cannot be statistically rejected. We compared differing classification schemes for the genera Ramariopsis and Clavulinopsis, most of which are inconsistent with the molecular phylogeny and are statistically rejected. Scytinopogon, a genus classified in the Clavariaceae by several authors, shares phylogenetic affinities with the Trechisporales. Overall 126 molecular operational taxonomic units can be recognized in the Clavariaceae, roughly half of which are known only from environmental sequences, an estimate that exceeds the known number of species in the family. Stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen were measured from specimens representing most major phylogenetic lineages to predict trophic strategies. These results suggest that most non-lignicolous species feature a biotrophic mode of nutrition. Ancestral state reconstruction analysis highlights the taxonomic significance of at least nine morphological traits at various depths in the family tree.
机译：克拉科是形成蘑菇的真菌的不同家族，由产生简单的棍棒，类珊瑚，板层状长柄锯齿状，类锯齿状和再生孢子皮的物种组成。在这里，我们基于对核大亚基核糖体RNA（nLSU）序列的系统发育分析，对克拉科进行了系统的生态概述，其中包括九个来自类型收集的序列。将来自克拉科的不同类群的子囊果的47个序列与GenBank的243个环境序列合并，并进行系统发育分析，以确定该家族中的主要进化枝。回收了四个主要进化枝或谱系：（i）毛囊藻属，（ii）毛Ram属-克拉维虫病，（iii）齿状纲和（iv）锁骨菌-Camarophyllopsis-Clavicorona。 Clavaria是共生的，其中层状的和绒毛状的针叶状的Camarophyllopsis属，并由两个独立的谱系组成。单型属Clavicorona似乎也嵌套在Clavaria中。然而，不能从统计学上拒绝Clavaria和Camarophyllopsis的一夫一妻制。我们比较了Ramariopsis和Clavulinopsis属的不同分类方案，其中大多数与分子系统发育不一致，并在统计学上被拒绝。 Scytinopogon是由几位作者归类在克拉科中的一个属，它与Trechisporales具有系统的亲缘关系。克拉科可以识别出总共126个分子操作生物分类单位，其中大约一半仅从环境序列中得知，估计超过该家族已知物种的数量。从代表大多数主要系统发生谱系的标本中测量了碳和氮的稳定同位素比，以预测营养策略。这些结果表明，大多数非木质种具有营养营养型。祖先状态重建分析突出了家谱中不同深度的至少9个形态特征的分类学意义。

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