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首页> 外文期刊>Molecular reproduction and development >Genome organization in the human sperm nucleus studied by FISH and confocal microscopy.
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Genome organization in the human sperm nucleus studied by FISH and confocal microscopy.

机译：通过FISH和共聚焦显微镜研究了人类精子核中的基因组组织。

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The sperm nucleus has a unique chromatin structure where the DNA is highly condensed and associated with specific proteins, the protamines. It is a nondividing cell which is also transcriptionally inactive. After fusion with an oocyte, the sperm nucleus undergoes decondensation and, in the same time, starts replication and transcription. It has been suggested that somatic chromosomes during interphase are organized in territories which display a cell type and cell cycle specific distribution. The purpose of this work was to investigate whether chromosomes would also have a specific distribution in the sperm nucleus, which could be related to its inactive state, and have implications on the early stages of fertilization. In the present study, centromeric and telomeric sequences were detected by fluorescent techniques performed on human decondensed spermatozoa. Chromosome painting probes were used to detect the chromosome X and chromosome 13 on interphase sperm nuclei. The fluorescent signals were captured in 3D with a confocal microscope. For each of these chromatin structures, the volume, position, and distribution of the signals were analyzed in samples of 30 nuclei with the help of image analysis software. The centromeres appeared grouped in several foci that were randomly distributed within the sperm nucleus. The telomeres gave an approximately haploid number of small signals, evenly distributed throughout the nucleus. The chromosomes X and 13 occupied 4.7% and 3. 7% of the total nuclear volume, respectively. Interestingly, the X chromosome territory showed a preferential position in the anterior half of the volume of the nucleus, whereas chromosome 13 had a random position. This work shows a particular distribution of chromosome territories in the human sperm nucleus that could be related to mechanisms implicated in its specific functions. The analysis of more chromosomes and chromosomal structures, including the Y chromosome, would help to understand the structure of the human sperm chromatin, and its fundamental and clinical implications. Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
机译：精子核具有独特的染色质结构，其中的DNA高度浓缩并与特定的蛋白质（鱼精蛋白）相关。它是非分裂性细胞，也没有转录活性。与卵母细胞融合后，精子核发生缩合，同时开始复制和转录。已经提出，相间的体细胞染色体在显示细胞类型和细胞周期特异性分布的区域中组织。这项工作的目的是调查染色体在精子核中是否也有特定的分布，这可能与精子的无活性状态有关，并且对受精的早期阶段有影响。在本研究中，通过对人类去浓缩的精子进行荧光技术检测了着丝粒和端粒序列。染色体绘画探针用于检测相间精子核的X染色体和13染色体。用共聚焦显微镜以3D方式捕获荧光信号。对于每种染色质结构，借助图像分析软件在30个核样品中分析信号的体积，位置和分布。着丝粒出现在几个灶中，这些灶随机分布在精子核内。端粒产生大约单倍体的小信号，均匀分布在整个细胞核中。 X和13号染色体分别占总核体积的4.7％和3. 7％。有趣的是，X染色体区域在核体积的前半部分显示出优先位置，而13号染色体则具有随机位置。这项工作显示了人类精子核中染色体区域的特定分布，这可能与涉及其特定功能的机制有关。分析更多的染色体和染色体结构，包括Y染色体，将有助于了解人类精子染色质的结构及其基本和临床意义。版权所有2000 Wiley-Liss，Inc.

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