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首页> 外文期刊>Mycological Research >LOW TEMPERATURE SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF THE ULTRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF ZYGOSPORES AND SPORANGIOSPORES IN MYCOTYPHA AFRICANA, AND THE EFFECTS OF CULTURAL CONDITIONS ON SEXUAL VERSUS ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
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LOW TEMPERATURE SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF THE ULTRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF ZYGOSPORES AND SPORANGIOSPORES IN MYCOTYPHA AFRICANA, AND THE EFFECTS OF CULTURAL CONDITIONS ON SEXUAL VERSUS ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

机译：低温下的扫描电镜观察非洲扇贝的共生孢子和孢子孢子超微结构的发展，以及文化条件对性与无性繁殖的影响

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摘要

The ultrastructural details of sexual and asexual reproduction in Mycotypha africana were observed with low temperature SEM. Sexual reproduction was enhanced over asexual reproduction with a reduction of incubation temperature, the absence of light, and through the use of minimal amount of inoculation material. Repeated subculturing of actively growing zygosporic cultures resulted in a loss of zygosporic competence, which was reversible following 2-3 months storage of these cultures at 14-18 degrees C, 24 h dark. Sexual apparati were initiated by the contact of two zygophoric hyphae. Subapical contact resulted in formation of progametangia at the site of contact. Continued elongation of the zygophoric hyphae and additional, subsequent sexual contacts were observed. If sexual contact was apical, the apical region of the zygophoric hypha converted into a progamentangium, stopping elongation. The progamentangia enlarged, and gametangial septa were formed, isolating the gametangia, which fused, resulting in the formation of the zygosporangium. Zygospores developed internally and were observed externally by the rupture through the zygosporangium wall of the developing wart layer of the zygospore proper. Sporangiosporogenesis commenced with the formation of specialized aerial sporangiophores extending up to 5000 mu m. The apical regions of the sporangiophores enlarged, forming vesicles 300-400 mu m long. Pedicels formed synchronously on the surface of the vesicles, the tips of which ballooned outward forming the sporangia. Two morphologically distinct types of sporangia were formed, spherical and elongate. These sporangia were formed in a highly regular spatial arrangement, alternating between the two sporangial types.
机译：低温扫描电镜观察了非洲支原体有性生殖和无性生殖的超微结构细节。通过降低孵化温度，不使用光照以及使用最少量的接种材料，与无性繁殖相比，性繁殖得到了增强。积极生长的孢子孢子培养物的重复传代培养导致孢子孢子能力的丧失，这些培养物在14-18摄氏度，黑暗24小时的条件下存放2-3个月后可逆。通过两个虫菌丝的接触来启动性器具。根下接触导致在接触部位形成前配子体。观察到了合子菌丝的持续伸长以及随后发生的其他性接触。如果性接触为顶尖，则合子菌丝的顶尖区域会转化为前鞭毛，从而停止伸长。前鞭毛变大，形成了角膜隔，分离出融合的角膜，形成合子孢子囊。合子孢子内部发育，并通过合子孢子固有的疣层的合子孢子囊壁破裂而在外部观察到。 Sporangiosporogenesis的形成始于专门的气生孢子囊的形成，延伸至5000微米。孢子囊的顶端区域扩大，形成300-400微米长的囊泡。花梗在小泡表面同步形成，其顶端向外膨胀形成孢子囊。形成了两种形态不同的孢子囊，球形和细长形。这些孢子囊形成于高度规则的空间排列中，在两种孢子囊类型之间交替。

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