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首页> 外文期刊>Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology >Interacting effects of ambient light and plumage color patterns in displaying Wire-tailed Manakins (Aves, Pipridae)
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Interacting effects of ambient light and plumage color patterns in displaying Wire-tailed Manakins (Aves, Pipridae)

机译：环境光和羽毛颜色图案在展示金属尾山雀（Aves，Pipridae）中的相互作用

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摘要

Sending color signals to conspecifics may attract predators, leading to opposing selection pressures on the evolution of signal expression and display behavior in animals. The costs of signaling can be reduced, however, because conspicuousness is the combined result of the reflectance spectra of the displayer's color pattern and the spectra of ambient light illuminating the animal. Changes in ambient light can alter conspicuousness, even when chemical and structural color-generating mechanisms remain constant, potentially allowing animals to display their colors most fully in light environments where the benefits are greatest relative to the costs. Using spectroradiometric methods, we determined how light habitat use affects conspicuousness in adult males of the Wire-tailed Manakin Pipra filicauda, a lekking bird species with vivid plumage colors. We studied three aspects of visibility, including properties of the entire color pattern, visual contrast within an individual's plumage and a bird's contrast relative to its visual background. Wire-tailed Manakins usually displayed in forest shade environments, which reduced their conspicuousness at larger viewing distances, while maximizing visual contrast within the plumage color pattern at close viewing distances. Compared to sunspots, ambient light in forest shade reduces the contrast of individual bird colors with the background at close viewing distance. However, background contrast of individual bird colors in the shade was still relatively higher during sunny than during cloudy weather which may explain why males were more active when the sun was not blocked by clouds. Assuming that the visual perceptions of predators and other manakins do not differ from the reflectance patterns we measured, Wire-tailed manakins tend to display in light environments that reduce the conflicts between avoiding long distance detection by predators and displaying conspicuous color signals to visiting females.
机译：将颜色信号发送到特定物种可能会吸引捕食​​者，从而导致相反的选择压力，从而影响动物的信号表达和显示行为。但是，由于显眼性是显示器色彩模式的反射光谱与照亮动物的环境光光谱的组合结果，因此可以降低信号传递的成本。即使化学和结构颜色生成机制保持不变，环境光的变化也会改变显眼性，这可能使动物在相对于成本而言收益最大的光照环境中最充分地显示其颜色。使用分光光度法，我们确定了光生境的使用如何影响线尾Manakin Pipra filicauda（一种具有鲜艳羽毛颜色的韭菜鸟）的成年雄性的显眼性。我们研究了可见性的三个方面，包括整个颜色模式的属性，个人羽毛内的视觉对比以及鸟类相对于视觉背景的对比。线尾Manakins通常显示在森林遮荫环境中，这会在较大的观看距离时降低其显眼性，同时在接近的观看距离时最大程度地发挥羽毛颜色图案内的视觉对比度。与黑子相比，森林阴影下的环境光会降低个别鸟类颜色与近距离背景下的对比度。但是，在晴天，阴凉处个别鸟类颜色的背景对比度仍然比多云天气高，这可以解释为什么当太阳没有被云遮挡时，雄性更加活跃的原因。假设掠食者和其他食人鱼的视觉感受与我们测得的反射模式没有区别，线尾食人鱼倾向于在光环境中显示，从而减少了避免掠食者进行长距离检测和向来访的雌性显示明显的颜色信号之间的冲突。

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