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Integrated plasma synthesis of efficient catalytic nanostructures for fuel cell electrodes

机译：用于燃料电池电极的高效催化纳米结构的集成等离子体合成

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A single plasma process involving three consecutive steps has been developed for producing high gas flow catalytic nanostructures on the electrodes of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells (FC). Using a high density helicon radio frequency (13.56 MHz) plasma, nickel is sputtered onto a porous carbon support. Changing the background gas from argon to methane/hydrogen allowed 2 mu m long, 37 nm diameter carbon nanofibres (CNFs) to be grown by diffusion through the nickel clusters in a 'tip growth' mechanism at the relatively low temperature of 400 deg C. The third step involves plasma sputtering of platinum onto the CNFs, resulting in nanoclusters (3-8 nm) being formed on the periphery of the CNFs. Four FC cathodes were synthesized on carbon paper and PTFE/carbon loaded cloth (known as gas diffusion layer, GDL), both with and without CNFs, with the Pt/CNFs nanostructures grown on PTFE/carbon loaded cloth having the best FC performances. Compared with conventional FCs, the efficiency of sputtered platinum in the Pt/CNF based cathode is much higher than in a chemically deposited system over the entire range of operating current. This indicates that combination of different, simple, plasma techniques is an effective method for preparing highly efficient catalyst layers.
机译：已经开发出涉及三个连续步骤的单个等离子体工艺，以在质子交换膜（PEM）燃料电池（FC）的电极上产生高气流催化纳米结构。使用高密度螺旋射频（13.56 MHz）等离子体，将镍溅射到多孔碳载体上。将背景气体从氩气更改为甲烷/氢气，可以在相对较低的温度（400摄氏度）下通过“尖端生长”机制通过镍簇扩散来生长2微米长，直径37 nm的碳纳米纤维（CNF）。第三步涉及将铂等离子溅射到CNF上，从而在CNF的外围形成纳米团簇（3-8 nm）。在有和没有CNF的复写纸和PTFE /碳纤维布（称为气体扩散层，GDL）上合成了四个FC阴极，在PTFE /碳纤维布上生长的Pt / CNFs纳米结构具有最佳的FC性能。与常规FC相比，在整个工作电流范围内，基于Pt / CNF的阴极中溅射铂的效率比化学沉积系统中的溅射效率高得多。这表明不同，简单的等离子体技术的结合是制备高效催化剂层的有效方法。

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