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Prospects for photovoltaic efficiency enhancement using low-dimensional structures

机译：利用低维结构提高光伏效率的前景

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The use of photovoltaic solar cells provides an elegant way of converting sunlight to electricity. The photovoltaic industry is currently growing very rapidly, at a compounded rate of about 30 percent each year. Energy conversion efficiency is a key parameter with this technology since it directly impacts both material and deployment costs. The performance of the traditional bulk semiconductor solar cell is limited to about 33 percent while thermodynamic limits on the conversion of sunlight to electricity are much higher, at 93 percent. Low-dimensional structures appear capable of allowing much of this gap to be bridged. These structures allow increased flexibility with traditional efficiency enhancement approaches such as those based on 'stacked' or tandem cells, which double efficiency limits to 68 percent. Perhaps more interestingly, they offer scope for completely new device concepts such as those relying on excitations between multiple energy bands and improved 'hot-carrier' cells, that offer scope for similarly high performance.
机译：光伏太阳能电池的使用提供了一种将阳光转化为电能的优雅方法。光伏产业目前正以每年约30％的复合速度快速增长。能源转换效率是这项技术的关键参数，因为它直接影响材料和部署成本。传统的体半导体太阳能电池的性能限制在33％左右，而将太阳光转化为电的热力学极限要高得多，达到93％。低维结构似乎能够弥合大部分间隙。这些结构可通过传统的效率增强方法（例如基于“堆叠”或串联电池的方法）提高灵活性，该方法将效率限制提高了一倍至68％。也许更有趣的是，它们为全新的设备概念提供了范围，例如那些依靠多个能带和改进的“热载流子”单元之间的激励的概念，它们为类似的高性能提供了范围。

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