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Determination of the natural frequency of a cantilevered ZnO nanowire resonantly excited by a sinusoidal electric field

机译：确定正弦电场共振激发的悬臂式ZnO纳米线的固有频率

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The electric-field-induced mechanical resonance of an individual nanotube (NT) or nanowire (NW) has been utilized as a versatile technique for in situ measurement of the Young's modulus of the NT/NW in electron microscopes. The key step of this technique is to determine the fundamental natural frequency of the NT/NW. However, the emergence of super- and/or sub-harmonic resonances might make the determination uncertain. This paper investigates the resonance behaviour of ZnO NWs in a nanotip-nanowire system in order to clarify this obscurity. It is found that forced and parametric resonance are two basic modes of the observed multi-frequency resonances and that each mode exhibits a distinct characteristic. By controlling the driving force exerted on the NW to be either lateral or axial, the two otherwise entangled modes are clearly separated. Based on this resonance mode separation, a criterion for identifying the natural frequency of ZnO NWs is proposed.
机译：电场诱导的单个纳米管（NT）或纳米线（NW）的机械共振已被用作在电子显微镜中原位测量NT / NW的杨氏模量的通用技术。该技术的关键步骤是确定NT / NW的基本固有频率。但是，超和/或次谐波共振的出现可能使确定变得不确定。本文研究了纳米尖端纳米线系统中ZnO NW的共振行为，以澄清这种模糊性。发现强迫共振和参量共振是观察到的多频共振的两个基本模式，并且每种模式都表现出独特的特性。通过控制施加在NW上的驱动力是横向的还是轴向的，两个原本纠缠的模式就清楚地分开了。基于这种共振模式分离，提出了一种确定ZnO NWs固有频率的准则。

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