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Scaling up nanoscale water-driven energy conversion into evaporation-driven engines and generators

机译:将纳米级水驱动的能量转换成蒸发驱动的发动机和发电机

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摘要

Evaporation is a ubiquitous phenomenon in the natural environment and a dominant form of energy transfer in the Earth's climate. Engineered systems rarely, if ever, use evaporation as a source of energy, despite myriad examples of such adaptations in the biological world. Here, we report evaporation-driven engines that can power common tasks like locomotion and electricity generation. These engines start and run autonomously when placed at air-water interfaces. They generate rotary and piston-like linear motion using specially designed, biologically based artificial muscles responsive to moisture fluctuations. Using these engines, we demonstrate an electricity generator that rests on water while harvesting its evaporation to power a light source, and a miniature car (weighing 0.1 kg) that moves forward as the water in the car evaporates. Evaporation-driven engines may find applications in powering robotic systems, sensors, devices and machinery that function in the natural environment.
机译:蒸发是自然环境中普遍存在的现象,是地球气候中能量转移的主要形式。工程系统很少,甚至从来没有使用蒸发作为能源,尽管在生物世界中有许多这样的适应性例子。在这里,我们报告了蒸发驱动的发动机,它们可以为诸如运动和发电之类的常见任务提供动力。当放置在空气-水界面时,这些发动机会自动启动和运行。它们使用专门设计的基于生物的人工肌肉对水分波动产生旋转和活塞状的线性运动。使用这些引擎,我们演示了一个发电器,该发电器位于水上,同时收集其蒸发以为光源提供动力,还有一个微型汽车(重0.1千克),随着汽车中的水蒸发而向前移动。蒸发驱动的发动机可能会在为在自然环境中运行的机器人系统,传感器,设备和机械提供动力的应用中。

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