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Indonesian vegetation response to changes in rainfall seasonality over the past 25,000 years

机译：过去25,000年中印度尼西亚植被对降雨季节变化的响应

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The hydrologic response to climate forcing in the Indo-Pacific warm pool region has varied spatially over the past 25,000 years1–5. For example, drier conditions are inferred on Java and Borneo for the period following the end of the Last Glacial Maximum, whereas wetter conditions are reconstructed for northwest Australia~4. The response of vegetation to these past rainfall variations is poorly constrained. Using a suite of 30 surface marine sediment samples from throughout the Indo-Pacific warm pool, we demonstrate that today the stable isotopic composition of vascular plant fatty acids (δ~(13)CFA) reflects the regional vegetation composition. This in turn is controlled by the seasonality of rainfall consistent with dry season water stress6. Applying this proxy in a sediment core from offshore northeast Borneo, we show broadly similar vegetation cover during the Last Glacial Maximum and the Holocene, suggesting that, despite generally drier glacial conditions~(1,7), there was no pronounced dry season. In contrast, δ~(13)CFA and pollen data from a core off the coast of Sumba indicate an expansion of C_4 herbs during the most recent glaciation, implying enhanced aridity and water stress during the dry season. Holocene vegetation trends are also consistent with a response to dry season water stress.We therefore conclude that vegetation in tropical monsoon regions is susceptible to increases in water stress arising from an enhanced seasonality of rainfall, as has occurred~8 in past decades.
机译：在过去的25,000年1-5中，印度洋-太平洋暖池地区对气候强迫的水文响应在空间上有所变化。例如，在上一次冰河末期结束后的一段时期内，爪哇和婆罗洲的干旱条件被推断出来，而西北澳大利亚〜4则重建了较湿的条件。植被对这些过去的降雨变化的响应受到的约束很有限。使用来自整个印度洋-太平洋暖池的30个表面海洋沉积物样本套件，我们证明了如今维管植物脂肪酸（δ〜（13）CFA）的稳定同位素组成反映了区域植被组成。反过来，这又受与季节性干旱相关的降雨季节性的控制[6]。将这种代用物应用到婆罗洲东北部近海的沉积岩心中，我们可以看到在末次冰期最大值和全新世期间植被覆盖度大致相似，这表明尽管冰川条件普遍较干燥〜（1,7），但没有明显的干旱季节。相反，来自Sumba海岸核心地带的δ〜（13）CFA和花粉数据表明，在最近的一次冰川期，C_4草本植物的扩张，这意味着干旱季节干旱和水分胁迫加剧。全新世的植被趋势也与干旱季节的水分胁迫反应一致。因此，我们得出结论，热带雨季地区的植被易受降雨季节增加而引起的水分胁迫增加的影响，这在过去几十年中已经发生了8次。

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