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Platelet-macrophage partnership in innate immunity and inflammation

机译：先天性免疫和炎症中的血小板-巨噬细胞伙伴关系

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Platelets are central mediators of hemo-stasis and of its pathological counterpart, thrombosis. A frequently overlooked aspect of the function of platelets is their involvement in innate immunity (Fig. 1). More in general, innate immunity and inflammation are connected at multiple levels with the hemostatic cascade. In arthropods this connection is more evident, as innate immune responses, such as phagocytosis and antimicrobial activity, and activation of hemolymph coagulation are functions associated to a single cell type, the hemocyte. In vertebrates, the molecular links and the relevance of this connection are recognized but often underestimated. The paper by Wong et al. in this issue of Nature Immunology adds new vistas on the interaction between hemostasis and innate immunity by showing that platelets and Kupffer cells act together in a mechanism for the rapid disposal of selected Gram-positive blood-borne bacteria2. The occurrence and in vivo relevance of this Kupffer cell-platelet resistance pathway is supported by genetic data and state-of-the-art imaging analysis. The hemostatic process, which comprises blood coagulation and platelet activation, is a component of the antimicrobial defense system in vertebrates, similar to hemolymph clotting in arthropods. In this context, platelets are more than a component of blood hemostasis and coagulation, because they serve as active participants in innate immunity. Platelets are equipped with a vast repertoire of pattern-recognition molecules that includes the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) TLR4, TLR2 and TLR9 (ref. 3). Moreover, they express complement and Fegamma receptors (such as FcgammaRII). Platelets act as sentinels in the circulation, rapidly bind blood-borne pathogens and activate various mechanisms that potentially result in innate resistance to infection.
机译：血小板是血瘀及其病理对应物血栓形成的主要介质。血小板功能的一个经常被忽视的方面是它们参与先天免疫（图1）。更一般地，先天免疫和炎症与止血级联在多个层面上。在节肢动物中，这种联系更加明显，因为先天性免疫反应（如吞噬作用和抗菌活性）以及淋巴凝结的激活是与单一细胞类型（血细胞）相关的功能。在脊椎动物中，人们已经认识到这种联系的分子联系和相关性，但常常低估了它们。 Wong等人的论文。本期《自然免疫学》（Nature Immunology）通过显示血小板和库普弗细胞在快速处理选定的革兰氏阳性血源细菌的机制中共同起作用，为止血和先天免疫之间的相互作用增加了新的前景。遗传数据和最新的成像分析支持了这种库普弗细胞-血小板抗性通路的发生和体内相关性。止血过程包括凝血和血小板活化，是脊椎动物抗菌防御系统的一个组成部分，类似于节肢动物的血淋巴凝结。在这种情况下，血小板不仅仅是止血和凝血的组成部分，因为它们是先天免疫的积极参与者。血小板配备了大量的模式识别分子，其中包括Toll样受体（TLR）TLR4，TLR2和TLR9（参考文献3）。此外，它们表达补体和Fegamma受体（例如FcgammaRII）。血小板在循环中充当前哨，迅速结合血源性病原体并激活各种机制，可能导致对感染的天生抵抗力。

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